GWHS AP Biology - Nervous System Flashcards
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| 6205132316 | neuron | nerve cells |  | 0 |
| 6205132317 | nerve | bundle of neurons | 1 | |
| 6205132318 | dendrites | receive chemical signals and converts to electrical single |  | 2 |
| 6205132319 | axon | one end has receptor, other has axon terminals |  | 3 |
| 6205132320 | synapse | axon terminals: connects to neurons or muscles |  | 4 |
| 6205132321 | schwann cell | form myelin sheath |  | 5 |
| 6205132322 | myelin sheath | fatty tissue: make action potential faster as it jumps from node to node |  | 6 |
| 6205132323 | saltatory conduction | in a myleinated axon, ions of nerve impulse jump from node (of Ranvier) to node |  | 7 |
| 6205132324 | pathway of signal in nervous system | stimulus-> sensory receptor -> sensory neurons -> interneurons (control center) -> motor neurons -> muscle | 8 | |
| 6205132325 | central nervous system | brain, spinal cord: analyzing, interpreting info |  | 9 |
| 6205132326 | peripheral nervous system | nerves entering into & extending from the CNS |  | 10 |
| 6205132327 | somatic | PNS: consciously controlled: to/from skeletal muscles, skin |  | 11 |
| 6205132328 | autonomic | PNS: function w/out your control: smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands | 12 | |
| 6205132329 | sensory neuron | gets info from surroundings: sense neurons -> CNC (afferent) | 13 | |
| 6205132331 | motor neuron | relays commands from CNC to skeletal muscles/glands (Efferent) | 14 | |
| 6205132333 | sympathetic | branch of autonomic nervous system: excites (stress), "fight or flight" response; norepinephrine | 15 | |
| 6205132334 | parasympathetic | branch of autonomic nervous system: promotes relaxed state, "rest & digest"; acetylcholine | 16 | |
| 6205132335 | reflex arc or pathway | autonomic response to stimuli w/out thought: excite sensory receptors -> spinal cord -> motor neuron |  | 17 |
| 6205132336 | resting potential | membrane of -70mv: channels shut off, not letting homeostasis sodium external (more positive) potassium internal (less positive) Na+/K+ pumps maintain potential |  | 18 |
| 6205132337 | Na+/K+ pumps | use ATP to maintain potential; pumps two K+ in & three Na+ out |  | 19 |
| 6205132338 | Action Potential | reversal of voltage difference across membrane: +30mv sodium channels open, Na+ in sodium channels close while K+ channels open K+ flow out of neuron |  | 20 |
| 6205132339 | depolarization | Na+ Channels open, K+ are closed: change in polarity of membrane potential, from -70mv to +40mv |  | 21 |
| 6205132340 | repolarization | decrease in membrane potential: K+ channels open, Na+ channels are closed |  | 22 |
| 6205132341 | sodium & potassium channel | voltage-gated ion channel | 23 | |
| 6205132343 | refractory period | K+ channels close slower, can't send another signal for a moment | 24 | |
| 6205132344 | threshold | around -40mv; stimulus must be strong enough; "all or nothing" principal |  | 25 |
| 6205132345 | axon terminal | the end of an axon; where a synapse occurs |  | 26 |
| 6205132346 | neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons: held in vesicles |  | 27 |
| 6205132347 | synaptic cleft | space between nerons, nerotransmitters float here |  | 28 |
| 6205132348 | exocytosis | neurotransmitter vesicles bind to pre-synaptic membrane and expel neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft |  | 29 |
| 6205132349 | EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential) | open Na+ gates on post-synaptic membrane; continues action potential | 30 | |
| 6205132350 | IPSP (inhibitory post-synaptic potential) | opens K+ gates on post-synaptic membrane; stops action potential | 31 | |
| 6205132351 | synaptic integration | sum of excitory/inhibitory: amplify, dampen, cancel signal | 32 | |
| 6205132352 | medulla oblongata | controls breathing, heart rate, digestive system |  | 33 |
| 6205132353 | pons | accessory portion, controls breathing |  | 34 |
| 6205132354 | cerebellum | controls movement, balance and coordination |  | 35 |
| 6205132355 | cerebrum | part of forebrain: regulates conscious functions of the body such as thought and reasoning and perception of stimuli |  | 36 |
| 6205132356 | cerebral cortex | memory |  | 37 |
| 6205132358 | hypothalamus | regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst: homeostasis |  | 38 |
| 6254888038 | interneurons | with highly-branched dendrites found within the CNS; convey messages between parts of the CNS | 39 | |
| 6255090495 | hyperpolarization (overshoot or undershoot) | more K+ have moved out of the cell than is actually necessary to establish the resting potential. | 40 | |
| 6255099117 | Steps of an Action Potential | 1. Resting Potential 2. Depolarization 3. Repolarization 4 Refractory Period |  | 41 |
| 6255126030 | Nodes of Ranvier | gaps in the mylein sheath; space between schwann cells |  | 42 |
| 6255140170 | examples of neurotransmitters | acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, GABA, | 43 |