02 Organic Chemistry AP Biology Flashcards
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| 7307902904 | isomer | Same atoms but different arrangement. |  | 0 |
| 7485991249 | structural isomers | Differ in arrangement of atoms. | | 1 |
| 7485994000 | cis trans isomer | Same formula, different positioning around a double bond (also geometric) |  | 2 |
| 7486004272 | enantiomers | Non-superimposable mirror images |  | 3 |
| 7486009832 | isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |  | 4 |
| 7486017231 | glucose | A sugar (monosaccharide) that is the major source of energy for the body's cells |  | 5 |
| 7486022676 | cellulose | Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls (structural) |  | 6 |
| 7486025534 | starch | energy storage polysaccharide; plants |  | 7 |
| 7486027861 | glycogen | energy storage polysaccharide, animals; Extremely branched polymer of glucose |  | 8 |
| 7486030263 | chitin | Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. |  | 9 |
| 7486032971 | -ose | Suffix of a sugar. |  | 10 |
| 7486034466 | monosaccharide | A carbohydrate monomer; A single sugar molecule |  | 11 |
| 7486034467 | monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers |  | 12 |
| 7486034468 | polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. |  | 13 |
| 7486035925 | polysaccharide | Long chains of linked monosaccharides. (carbohydrate polymer) | | 14 |
| 7486039866 | hydrocarbon | Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen |  | 15 |
| 7486040599 | carbohydrate | molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (ration of 1:2:1); includes sugars and starches. | 16 | |
| 7486040600 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. |  | 17 |
| 7486040601 | amino acid | protein monomer |  | 18 |
| 7486041751 | polynucleotide | A polymer made up of many nucleotide monomers covalently bonded together. |  | 19 |
| 7486041752 | nucleotide | monomer that forms DNA/RNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base. |  | 20 |
| 7486041753 | lipid | class of hydrophobic molecules; made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms (a little oxygen); includes fats, oils, steroids and waxes |  | 21 |
| 7486043762 | glycerol and fatty acids | building blocks of some lipids |  | 22 |
| 7486056128 | R group | a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it special properties. |  | 23 |
| 7486070940 | triglyceride | Glycerol and three fatty acids; energy storage; lipid (fats, oils). | | 24 |
| 7486073193 | steroids | Made of four rings of carbon; lipid; includes cholesterol and some hormones. |  | 25 |
| 7486075401 | cholesterol | Steroid common in cell membranes, also in many hormones. |  | 26 |
| 7486078806 | peptide bond | Covalent bonds that connect amino acids. |  | 27 |
| 7486081719 | disulphide bridges | covalent bonds between sulfur atoms that reinforce tertiary structure of proteins. |  | 28 |
| 7486084148 | primary structure | Chain of amino acids in a polypeptide (coded for by DNA). |  | 29 |
| 7486085836 | secondary structure | hydrogen bonds between the repeating parts of the polypeptide backbone (not the R groups) (usually an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet). |  | 30 |
| 7486087647 | tertiary structure | Results from interactions between side chains of a polypeptide (stabilizes the shape of the folded protein with hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, covalent bonds, ionic bonds) |  | 31 |
| 7486090688 | quaternary structure | Results from two or more polypeptide subunits. |  | 32 |
| 7486092286 | primary | first | 33 | |
| 7486092287 | secondary | second | 34 | |
| 7486092288 | tertiary | third | 35 | |
| 7486093495 | quaternary | fourth | 36 | |
| 7486095420 | purines | Nucleotide bases with a double-ring structure. (A G) |  | 37 |
| 7486096642 | pyrimidines | Nucleotide bases with a single-ring structure. (C T U) |  | 38 |
| 7486098196 | nucleotide bases | the part of DNA/RNA that holds the genetic code; nitrogen containing part of a nucleotide that varies |  | 39 |
| 7486108833 | sugar-phosphate | The backbone of the DNA/RNA molecule |  | 40 |
| 7486112312 | synthesis | To put together or make. |  | 41 |
| 7486114255 | digestion | To break apart. |  | 42 |
| 7486117143 | dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) | molecules are connected by the loss of a water molecule. |  | 43 |
| 7486121012 | hydrolysis | Reaction where water is split into two hydrogens and one oxygen; this breaks a polymer. |  | 44 |
| 7486124618 | anabolism | Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. |  | 45 |
| 7486129714 | catabolism | Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. |  | 46 |
| 7486138147 | metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |  | 47 |