MHS AP Biology Cell Organelles Flashcards

4861539942	Nuclear Envelope	-surrounds genetic material -separates nucleus from the cytoplasm -double lipid bilayer regulates what goes into the cell -present in both animal and plant cells	0
4861539943	Golgi Apparatus	-packaging organelle -located in the cytoplasm -takes in small molecules and forms more complex molecules -can either store the more complex molecules or release them -has two layers that surround an area of fluid that contains proteins, enzymes, and sugars -present in both animal and plant cells	1
4861539944	Endoplasmic Reticulum	-network of membranous sacs and tubes -surrounds the nucleus in the cytoplasm -active in membrane synthesis and metabolic processes -has rough and smooth regions -has double membrane called cisternae where proteins are collected and synthesized -present in both animal and plant cells	2
4861539945	Mitochondria	-cellular respiration -ATP is generated -double membrane increases surface area within the organelle to allow more chemical reactions to occur -located in cytoplasm -present in both animal and plant cells	3
4861539946	Chloroplast	-produce food for plant cells -convert light energy from the sun into sugars -double membrane surrounds and protects inner chloroplasts -located in cytoplasm -only present in plant cells	4
4861539947	Ribosome	-makes proteins -located in cytosol or endoplasmic reticulum -present in both animal and plant cells	5
4861539948	Lysosome	-hold enzymes -digest food and break down dead cells -located in cytoplasm -present in both animal and plant cells	6
4861539949	Vacuole	-storage -located in cytoplasm -present in both animal and plant cells	7
4861539950	Cytoskeleton	-reinforces cell's shape -functions in cell movement -made of proteins -proteins attach to them for stability -located on the outside of the cell -present in both animal and plant cells	8
4861539951	Cell Wall	-outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage -semi permeable -located on the outside of the cell membrane -only present in plant cells	9
4861539952	Prokaryotic Cells	-no nucleus -circular DNA located in cytoplasm -single celled -no organelles -bacteria, archaea, and eubacteria -more basic -have cell membranes -have ribosomes	10
4861539953	Eukaryotic Cells	-have nucleus -have linear DNA located in nucleus -have organelles -cells animals have -multicellular -more complex -cell membranes -ribosomes	11
4861539954	Endosymbiotic Theory	-describes how a large host cell and bacteria become dependent on each other for survival and form a permanent relationship -explains the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts -mitochondria and chloroplasts are very similar to bacteria cells: have their own DNA and use it to produce proteins and enzymes, both have double membranes that suggest that it was ingested by a host, and they reproduce similarly to bacteria by replicating their DNA	12
4861539955	Cell Membrane	-separates cell from aqueous environment and controls traffic in and out of the cell -collage of proteins and other molecules embedded in the fluid matrix of the lipid bilayer	13