AP Biology Chapter 6 Flashcards
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| 5579840757 | metabolic pathway | a specific molecule is altered in a series of defined steps which result in a product |  | 0 |
| 5579847000 | enzyme | a protein that catalyzes (speeds up) reactions | 1 | |
| 5579851974 | anabolism | synthetic pathways: using energy to build complicated molecules |  | 2 |
| 5579853695 | catabolism (catabolic pathway) | breakdown pathways: breaking down molecules to release energy (ie respiration) |  | 3 |
| 5579860352 | potential energy | energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure | 4 | |
| 5579863662 | kinetic energy | energy associated with the relative motion of objects (ie one moving thing can transfer energy by making another thing move) | 5 | |
| 5579871928 | free energy | the energy in a system that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform (ie in a cell) | 6 | |
| 5579871929 | entropy | a measure of the disorder (or randomness) of the world | 7 | |
| 5579875441 | spontaneous process | energetically favorable: a process that can occur without an input of energy | 8 | |
| 5579884811 | equilibrium | a state where forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; no net flow of energy (0delta G) | 9 | |
| 5579886538 | exergonic | a reaction that releases free energy (-delta G) | 10 | |
| 5579889263 | endergonic | a reaction that absorbs free energy (+delta G) | 11 | |
| 5579901824 | energy coupling | the act of using an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction |  | 12 |
| 5579904417 | phosphorylation | the act of adding a phosphate group to a molecule | 13 | |
| 5579910085 | substrate | a molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme | 14 | |
| 5579920404 | enzyme-substrate complex | an enzyme that has bonded to its substrate |  | 15 |
| 5579924236 | active site | the place where catalysis occurs; the place where the substrate actually binds to the enzyme (usually a groove or pocket) | 16 | |
| 5579932745 | cofactors | non-proteins that help catalytic activity; they are inorganic like metals or organic like coenzymes | 17 | |
| 5579935339 | noncompetetive inhibitor | these inhibit enzymes by attaching somewhere other than the active site and changing the shape of the enzyme (and thus the active site) |  | 18 |
| 5579942639 | competitive inhibitor | these inhibit enzymes by binding to the active site instead of the intended substrate | | 19 |
| 5579947755 | allosteric regulation | a case in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site (results in inhibition or stimulation) |  | 20 |
| 5579953304 | cooperativity | a case in which a substrate binds to an active site in a multisubunit enzyme and triggers the shape change in all other subunits |  | 21 |