AP Biology Unit 2.2 - Chemistry Review Flashcards
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| 7539828105 | atom | smallest particle of an element that has all the characteristics of that element |  | 0 |
| 7539828106 | element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances |  | 1 |
| 7539828107 | trace element | elements that are present in living things in very small amounts; examples include sodium, potassium, iron, iodine |  | 2 |
| 7539828108 | nucleus | central region of an atom; composed of protons and neutrons |  | 3 |
| 7539828109 | proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |  | 4 |
| 7539828110 | neutron | neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom |  | 5 |
| 7539828111 | orbital/electron cloud | regions outside of the nucleus that contain electrons | | 6 |
| 7539828112 | electron | negatively charged particles that exists in orbitals/clouds outside of the nucleus of an atom |  | 7 |
| 7539828113 | isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |  | 8 |
| 7539828114 | chemical bond | attractive forces between atoms and molecules that hold them together |  | 9 |
| 7539828115 | compound | substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined; fixed ratio |  | 10 |
| 7539828116 | molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; could be two atoms of the same element |  | 11 |
| 7539828117 | covalent bond | type of chemical bond in which electrons of one atom are shared with another atom | | 12 |
| 7539828118 | ionic bond | type of chemical bond in which electrons are gained or lost (one atom donates an electron to another); bond forms by the attractive forces between 2 ions of opposite charge |  | 13 |
| 7539828119 | ion | an atom (or group of atoms) that gains or loses electrons & has an electrical charge |  | 14 |
| 7539828120 | chemical reaction | formation or breakage of bonds between atoms |  | 15 |
| 7539828121 | reactants | substances that are involved in a chemical reaction |  | 16 |
| 7539828122 | Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atoms |  | 17 |
| 7539828123 | Atomic mass (mass #) | number of protons + number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |  | 18 |
| 7539828124 | Bohr Model | model depicting the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the nucleus of an atom |  | 19 |
| 7539828125 | Periodic Table | ordered table that lists all of the elements and their fundamental properties |  | 20 |
| 7539836346 | Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |  | 21 |
| 7539841728 | Essential Element | A chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce |  | 22 |
| 7539852393 | Goiter | a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland due to an iodine deficiency |  | 23 |
| 7539882948 | Electron Cloud Model | model of atom in which the electrons seem to form a cloud as they move around the nucleus | | 24 |
| 7539908733 | Chemical Formula | A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |  | 25 |
| 7539915743 | Valence Electrons | Electrons on the outermost energy level (orbital) of an atom |  | 26 |
| 7539927309 | Octet Rule | Every atom wants to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell in order to achieve stability. |  | 27 |
| 7539943383 | Electron Dot Diagram | A model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron |  | 28 |
| 7539954858 | Polar Molecule | A molecule that has areas of positive an negative charge. |  | 29 |
| 7539990808 | Cation | A positively charged ion |  | 30 |
| 7540001966 | Anion | A negatively charged ion |  | 31 |
| 7540009368 | Chemical Equation | A short, easy way to show a chemical reaction, using symbols. | | 32 |
| 7540056650 | Products | The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. | | 33 |