AP Biology Anatomy-Test Biology in Focus (Isengard) Flashcards

6245368801	What types of animals have open circulatory systems?	arthropods, some molluscs	0
6245368802	What is the "blood" in an open circulatory system?	hemolymph	1
6245368803	What types of animals have closed circulatory systems?	annelids, some molluscs, vertebrates	2
6245368804	What are the advantages of a four chamber heart?	separate oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood, maintain pressure	3
6245368805	What type of heart do fish have?	2 chamber	4
6245368806	What type of heart do amphibians have?	3 chamber	5
6245368807	What type of heart do birds have?	4 chamber	6
6245368808	What are some traits that a 4-chambered heart allowed to evolve?	increased size, endothermy, flight	7
6245368809	What part of the heart receives blood?	atrium	8
6245368810	What part of the heart pumps blood out?	ventricle	9
6245368811	What are three characteristics of arteries?	thicker walls, narrower diameter, elasticity	10
6245368812	What are three characteristics of veins?	thinner walls, wider diameter, valves	11
6245368813	What controls the blood flow in capillaries?	pre-capillary sphincters	12
6245368814	What does the lymphatic system transport?	white blood cells	13
6245368815	What valve is located between the atrium and the ventricle?	atrioventricular	14
6245368816	What valve is located between the ventricle and the arteries?	semilunar	15
6245368821	What is the relaxation phase?	diastole	16
6245368822	Is systolic pressure on top or bottom?	top	17
6245368823	What should your blood pressure be?	120/80	18
6245368824	Which circuit takes blood to lungs for gas exchange?	pulmonary	19
6245368825	Which circuit takes blood to the body and organs?	systemic	20
6245368826	Which side of the heart gets oxygen-poor blood?	right	21
6245368827	What does the aorta do?	take oxygen-rich blood to organs	22
6245368828	Where does the oxygen-poor blood from the neck and upper body return to the heart?	superior vena cava	23
6245368829	Where does the oxygen-poor blood from the lower body return to the heart?	inferior vena cava	24
6245368832	What are the three layers of the heart wall?	epicardium, myocardium, endocardium	25
6245368833	What are the flaps in a valve called?	cusps	26
6245368834	When the ventricles are relaxed, are valves open or closed?	open	27
6245368844	What are the two evolutionary paths when it comes to thermoregulation or osmoregulation?	conformer, regulator	28
6245368845	What is the tonicity of freshwater relative to the fish inside it?	hypotonic	29
6245368846	What is the tonicity of saltwater relative to the fish inside it?	hypertonic	30
6245368847	Which macromolecules create nitrogeneous waste?	proteins, nucleic acids	31
6245368848	Which macromolecule creates the most nitrogeneous waste?	protein	32
6245368849	What is the most toxic form of nitrogenous waste?	ammonia	33
6245368850	What is the least toxic form of nitrogenous waste?	uric acid	34
6245368851	Where will uric acid be found?	terrestrial egg layers	35
6245368852	What is urine made of?	urea, salts, excess sugar, water	36
6245368853	How many nephrons are there per kidney?	1 million	37
6245368854	What is the ball of capillaries in a nephron?	glomerulus	38
6245368858	What is filtered out at the glomerulus?	water, glucose, salts/ions, urea	39
6245368859	What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?	Na+, water, glucosa, HCO3-	40
6245368860	Which part of the Loop of Henle has a high permeability to water due to many aquaporins?	descending limb	41
6245368861	Which part of the Loop of Henle has a low permeability to salt because there are few channels?	descending limb	42
6245368862	What is reabsorbed in the descending limb of the Loop of Henle?	water	43
6245368864	What is reabsorbed in the distal tubule?	salts, water, bicarbonate	44
6245368865	What is reabsorbed in the collecting duct?	water	45
6245368866	What is excreted to the bladder from the collecting duct?	urine	46
6245368867	What is the increased levels of ADH when water levels are low?	negative feedback loop	47
6245368868	What is the name of ADH?	antidiuretic hormone	48
6245368869	Where does ADH come from?	pituitary gland	49
6245368870	What hormone increases the reabsorption of water and ions back into blood?	aldosterone	50
6245368871	What hormone causes arterioles to constrict, increasing blood pressure?	angiotensin	51
6245368874	What muscle is involuntary and striated?	cardiac	52
6245368875	What muscle is voluntary, striated, and multi-nucleated?	skeletal	53
6245368876	What muscle is involuntary and non-striated?	smooth	54
6245368877	Put these in order from smallest to biggest: muscle fibers, myofilaments, myofibrils	myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers	55
6245368882	What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?	sarcomere	56
6245368883	What are the alternating bands of a sarcomere?	actin, myosin	57
6245368894	What model shows fibers sliding past eachother?	sliding filament model	58
6245368907	What state is a neuron in if it is negative on the inside and positive on the outside?	polarized	59
6245368908	What is the resting potential of a neuron?	-70mV	60
6245368909	What are the steps of a nerve impulse travelling?	stimulus causes nerve to reach the threshold, Na+ channels open so Na+ diffuses into the cell; flow of K+ out of the cell stops the activation of Na+ channels	61
6245408409	Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds all have a A) gastric cecae. B) pharynx. C) epiglottis. D) larynx. E) crop.	E) crop.	62
6245416239	The production of red blood cells is stimulated by ______ A) epinephrine. B) erythropoietin. C) low-density lipoproteins. D) immunoglobulins. E) platelets.	Erythropoietin	63
6245435800	Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that A) positive feedback results in increases in some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas negative feedback results only in decreases to the parameter. B) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. C) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems. D) the positive feedback's responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.	D) the positive feedback's responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.	64
6245479151	Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal A) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. B) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise. C) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. D) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. E) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day.	C) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day.	65
6245540545	A football player has been rushed to the emergency room after passing out during practice on a hot day. The player is sweating extensively, but appears to have normal blood pressure. As the attending physician, you need to give the player a drug to counteract his symptoms. Which of the following drugs would be best to give the player? ______ A) a drug that acts like melatonin B) a drug that acts like angiotensin II C) a drug that acts like ADH D) a drug that acts like insulin E) a drug that acts like oxytocin	C) a drug that acts like ADH	66
6245577410	Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of A) the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. B) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. C) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. D) the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. E) the pancreas, leading to a reduction in blood sugar concentration.	B) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine.	67
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