AP Biology Mid-Term Flashcards

10088320526	Protein Composition	Amino Acids	0
10088320527	Lipid Composition	Glycerol + Fatty Acid	1
10088320528	Carbohydrate Monomer	Monosaccharide	2
10088320529	Nucleic Acid Monomer	Nucleotide	3
10088320596	Nucleotide		4
10088320597	Amino Acid		5
10088320598	Monosacharide		6
10088320599	saturated fatty acid		7
10088320600	unsaturated fatty acid		8
10088320601	primary protein structure		9
10088320602	secondary protein structure		10
10088320603	tertiary protein structure		11
10088320604	quaternary protein structure		12
10088320605	exergonic reaction		13
10088320606	endergonic reaction		14
10088320607	photosynthesis		15
10088320608	cellular respiration		16
10088320609	gibbs free energy		17
10088320530	prokaryotic organisms	bacteria	18
10088320531	eukaryotic organisms	protists, plants, fungi	19
10088320532	prokaryotic cell	has no nucleus	20
10088320533	eukaryotic cell	has nucleus	21
10088320534	chloroplast	site of glucose production	22
10088320535	mitochondria	site of ATP production	23
10088320536	high entropy to low entropy	CO2 and H2O to glucose	24
10088320537	low entropy to high entropy	glucose to ATP	25
10088320538	enthalpy	measure of the total amount of energy	26
10088320539	competitive enzyme inhibitor	joins to the active site (mistakenly)	27
10088320540	non-competitive enzyme inhibitor	joins to the allosteric site	28
10088320541	Rough ER	Site of protein folding	29
10088320542	Smooth ER	Site of lipid synthesis	30
10088320543	Ribosomes	Free-floating or attached; site of protein synthesis	31
10088320544	golgi body	Site of protein modification, packaging and shipment	32
10088320545	Cell Wall	found in plant cells and some bacterial cells; add structure and protection	33
10088320546	cell membrane	semi-permeable barrier; made of phospholipds	34
10088320547	lysosome	contains digestive enzymes for cellular clean-up	35
10088320548	cytoskeleton	made of protein rods/fibers that span the cytoplasm, allowing for cell movement and maintaining structure/shape	36
10088320549	flagella	long whip-like tails that allow for cellular motility	37
10088320550	cilia	numerous, hair-like projections that wave back and forth allowing for cellular motility	38
10088320551	cation	has lost electrons	39
10088320552	anion	has gained electrons	40
10088320553	organic compounds	carbon and hydrogen	41
10088320554	covalent bonds	found in organic compounds	42
10088320555	ionic bonds	associated with inorganic compounds; transfer of electrons	43
10088320556	photon	a packet of light/radiant energy from the sun	44
10088320557	single species in an area	population	45
10088320558	collection of species in an area	community	46
10088320559	biotic + abiotic	ecosytem	47
10088320560	tissue	collection of similar cells (in structure and function)	48
10088320561	electrons	responsible for atomic bonding	49
10088320562	valence elctrons	found in outermost energy shell	50
10088320563	octet rule	atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve valence stability	51
10088320564	strongest type of chemical bond	covalent	52
10088320610	Hydroxyl Group		53
10088320611	Carboxyl Group		54
10088320612	Carbonyl Group		55
10088320613	Amino Group		56
10088320614	Phosphate Group		57
10088320565	Accounts the differences in the 20 amino acids	R Group	58
10088320566	responsible for polarity	unequal pull of electrons (due to unequal protons)	59
10088320567	non-polar	equal share of electrons	60
10088320568	molecules that do NOT interact with water	non-polar	61
10088320569	Determines the physical and chemical properties of organic molecules	functional groups	62
10088320570	two sugars	disaccharide	63
10088320571	multiple sugars	polysaccharide	64
10088320572	Acids	High H+ Concentration when dissolved in water	65
10088320573	Bases	High OH- Concentration when dissolved in water	66
10088320574	pH of 7	equal concentrations of H+ of OH- ions	67
10088320615	hydrolysis		68
10088320616	dehydration synthesis		69
10088320575	peptide bonds	hold amino acids together	70
10088320576	adhesion	water molecules sticking to other polar substances	71
10088320577	cohesion	responsible for puddling of water	72
10088320578	hydrogen bonds	weak bonds	73
10088320579	cis face	location where proteins enter golgi apparatus	74
10088320580	trans face	location where proteins exit golgi apparatus	75
10088320581	chromatin	form of DNA within the nucleus (when cell is NOT dividing)	76
10088320617	asexual reproduction		77
10088320582	where protein folding takes place	Rough ER	78
10088320583	hydrophilic	polar	79
10088320584	hydrophobic	nonpolar	80
10088320618	catabolic reaction		81
10088320619	anabolic reaction		82
10088320620	first law of thermodynamics		83
10088320585	Proteins	hemoglobin, actin, keratin	84
10088320586	nucleic acids	ATP, DNA, RNA	85
10088320587	carbohydrates	glycogen, cellulose, starch	86
10088320588	induced fit	places strain on the substrate, weakening bonds	87
10088320589	enzyme-substrate complex	binding of substrate to enzyme at the active site	88
10088320590	cause enzymes to denature	high temp and varied pH	89
10088320591	cell wall	only in plant cells; responsible for keeping plants turgid	90
10088320592	cytosol	mostly water with dissolved ions, etc.; suspends organelles within the cell	91
10088320593	the organelle that lysosomes are derived from in the endomembrane system	golgi apparatus	92
10088320594	positive feedback mechanism	moves the body away from homeostasis; amplifies the stimulus	93
10088320595	negative feedback	stimulus is nullified over time	94