GWHS AP Biology - Chapter 23: Evolution of Populations Flashcards

8585810741	Microevolution	Evolutionary change below the species level	0
8585810742	Genetic Variation	Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other segments	1
8585810743	Gene Pool	Consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of a population	2
8585810744	Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium	The state of a population in which frequencies of alleles and genotype remain constant from generation to generation	3
8585810745	Adaptive Evolution	Evolution that results in a better match between organisms and their envir	4
8585810746	Genetic Drift	A process in which change events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next	5
8585810747	Founder Effect	Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original populatio	6
8585810748	Bottleneck Effect	Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced	7
8585810749	Relative Fitness	The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of others	8
8585810750	Directional Selection	Occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range, thereby shifting a populations frequency curve for the phenotypic character in one direction to the other	9
8585810751	Stabilizing Selection	Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants	10
8585810752	Disruptive Selection	Occurs when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes	11
8585810753	Sexual Selection	Natural selection for mating success	12
8585810754	Sexual Dimorphism	A difference in secondary sexual characteristics between male and females of the same species	13
8585810757	Heterozygote Advantage	When individuals are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygotes	14
8585810758	Frequency-dependent selection	The fitness of a phenotype depends on how common it is in the population	15
8585810759	Population genetics	The study of how populations change genetically over time	16
8585810761	Population	A localized group of that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring	17
8585810762	Mutations	Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA	18
8585810763	Duplication	An abbreviation in a chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated	19
8585810764	Gene flow	Genetic additions to and/ or subtraction a from a population resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes	20
8585810765	Geographic variation	Differences between the gene pools of desperate populations or population subgroups	21
8585810766	Cline	A graded change in a trait alon a geopgraphic axis	22