AP Biology - Chapter 28 Flashcards

7254695923	Stem	Vascular plant organ that consistes of alternating nodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures.	0
7254695924	Leaves	Main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.	1
7401966170	Blade	the flattened portion of a typical leaf.	2
7401968420	Petiole	The stalk of the leaf, joins leaf at the node of the stem.	3
7401968421	Roots	An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb minerals and water through the soil.	4
7401971574	Taproot	A main vertical root that develops from and embryonic root and gives rise to lateral roots.	5
7401971575	Fibrous Roots	numerous branching roots that are about the same size and grow from a central point	6
7401973966	Nodes	A point along the stem of the plant that leaves are attached to.	7
7401973967	Organs	A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues.	8
7401976303	Primary growth	Growth produced by apical meristems, lengthening stems and roots.	9
7401976304	Apical bud	Bud at the tip of a plant stem. (terminal bud)	10
7401978989	Axillary buds	Structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch. Appears between the angle of a leaf and stem.	11
7401978990	Dermal tissue	the outer protective layer covering plants.	12
7401982732	Vascular tissue	Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.	13
7401982733	Ground tissue	Plant tissues that are neither vascular or dermal, and have a variety of functions, ex. storage, photosynthesis and support	14
7401985232	Parenchyma cells	A relatively unspecialized cell that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type.	15
7401985233	Collenchyma cells	Flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plants without restraining growth	16
7401995998	Sclerenchyma cells	A rigid, supportive cell usually lacking a protoplast and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity.	17
7402000635	Tracheids	A long tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants.	18
7402000636	Vessel elements	Short, wide, water conducting tube found in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few nonflowering vascular plants. Dead at maturity, aligned end to end to for vessels.	19
7402003914	Sieve-tube elements	A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms, called a sieve-tube member where they connect end to end to form the sieve-tubes.	20
7402007473	Apical meristems	Plant tissue on the tips of buds and root and shoots. Dividing cells that enable the plant to grow in length	21
7402007474	Root cap	A cone of cells at the tip of the plant root that protects the apical meristem.	22
7402033587	Internode	A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached.	23
7402033588	Vascular cambium	A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.	24
7402062306	Secondary growth	Growth produced by lateral meristems, thickening the roots and shoots of woody plants.	25
7402062307	Cork cambium	Cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker and tougher cork cells.	26
7402036894	Periderm	The protective coat that replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed from the cork and cork cambium.	27
7402036895	Bark	Tissues outside the vascular cambium, consists mainly of secondary phloem and layers of periderm.	28
7402043765	Meristematic tissue	Plant tissues that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives. Allows indeterminate growth	29