AP Biology Principles of Life Chapter 3 Terms Flashcards

5520391414	Amino Acid	An organic compound containing both NH2 and COOH groups.	0
5520391415	R Group	The distinguishing group of atoms of a particular amino acid (side chain)	1
5520391416	Peptide Linkage (bond)	The bond between amino acids in a protein; formed between a carboxyl group and amino group with the loss of water molecules	2
5520391417	Primary Structure	The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein	3
5520391418	Secondary Structure	Of a protein, localized regularities of structure, such as the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet	4
5520391419	Alpha Helix	A prevalent type of secondary protein structure; a right-handed spiral	5
5520391420	Beta Pleated Sheet	A type of protein secondary structure; results from hydrogen bonding between polypeptide regions running antiparallel to each other	6
5520391421	Tertiary Structure	In reference to a protein, the relative locations in three-dimensional space of all the atoms in the molecule. The overall shape of a protein	7
5520391422	Denaturation	Loss of activity of an enzyme or nucleic acid molecule as a result of structural changes induced by heat or other means	8
5520391423	Quaternary Structure	The specific three-dimensional arrangement of protein subunits	9
5520391425	Activation Energy	The energy barrier that blocks the tendency for a chemical reaction to occur	10
5520391426	Substrate	The molecule or molecules on which an enzyme exerts catalytic action	11
5520391427	Active Site	The region on the surface of an enzyme or ribozyme where the substrate binds, and where catalysis occurs	12
5520391428	Allosteric Regulation	Regulation of the activity of a protein, usually an enzyme, by the binding of an effector molecule to a site other than the active site	13
5520391430	Enzyme	A catalytic protein that speeds up a biochemical reaction	14
5520437164	Disulfide bridge	The covalent bond between two sulfur atoms linking two molecules or remote parts of the same molecule.	15
5520445232	Cofactor	An inorganic ion that is weakly bound to an enzyme and required for its activity.	16
5520450757	Enzyme-substrate complex	An intermediate in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.	17
5520459645	Transition state	In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the reactive condition of the substrate after there has been sufficient input of energy to initiate the reaction.	18
5520472496	Feedback inihibition	A mechanism for regulating a metabolic pathway in which the end product of the pathway can bind to and inhibit the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in the pathway.	19