Ap Biology Chapter 44 Flashcards
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| 4868443035 | Osmoregulation | Regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain a loss of water in organisms | 0 | |
| 4868449096 | Excretion | This gets rid of filtrate from the system, removes things like Nitrogenous metabolites | 1 | |
| 4868473145 | Osmolarity | The solute concentration of a solution-This determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane | 2 | |
| 4868484928 | Osmoconformers | Consisting only of some marine animals are isoosmotic (same concentration) with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity (most marine invertebrates) | 3 | |
| 4868508085 | Osmoregulators | Organisms that expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment (Most marine vertebrates) | 4 | |
| 4868520468 | Stenohaline | Animals that cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity | 5 | |
| 4868527902 | Euryhaline | Animals that can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity | 6 | |
| 4868547732 | Anhydrobiosis | Aquatic invertebrates in temporary ponds that lose almost all of their body water and survive in a dormant state (water bear) | 7 | |
| 4868559437 | Transport epithelium | Epithelial cells that regulate solute movement (I.e. salt glands) | 8 | |
| 4868573832 | Urea | The substance that organisms convert ammonia into with water (all wastes need water, Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Phosphorus) (This substance is 100,000x less toxic than ammonia) | 9 | |
| 4868596395 | Uric acid | The excretion of animals that need to retain as much water as possible (Birds, Reptiles, and Animals in dry climates) | 10 | |
| 4868607226 | Filtration | Pressure-filtering of body fluids | 11 | |
| 4868617063 | Reabsorption | The reclaiming of valuable solutes and water from waste | 12 | |
| 4868620923 | Secretion | Adding toxins and other solutes from the body fluids to filtrate | 13 | |
| 4868628227 | Filtrate | A derivative of body fluids (refined into urine) | 14 | |
| 4868655374 | Renal veins | The way that blood is drained from kidneys | 15 | |
| 4868657480 | Renal arteries | The way that blood is supplied to the kidney | 16 | |
| 4868662542 | Ureter | The duct where urine exits the kidney | 17 | |
| 4868667840 | Urinary bladder | Where the urine flows after the kidney (held shut through the use of sphincters) | 18 | |
| 4868672625 | Urethra | Urine is expelled through this | 19 | |
| 4868680613 | Nephron | The functional part of the kidneys, single long tubule and ball of capillaries (this incorporates the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) | 20 | |
| 4868691825 | Glomerulus | The ball of capillaries where blood flow comes in | 21 | |
| 4868696654 | Bowman's capsule | Surrounds and receives filtrate from the glomerulus | 22 | |
| 4868705044 | Vasa Recta | Capillaries that serve the loop of Henle | 23 | |
| 4868711227 | Proximal Tubule | Re-absorption of ions, water, and nutrients takes place here (both active and passive) | 24 | |
| 4868724856 | 300mOSM/L | The osmolarity of blood | 25 | |
| 4868727785 | 1200mOSM/L | The osmolarity of urine | 26 | |
| 4868742105 | Countercurrent multiplier system | The gradient of high concentration as the urine leaves the kidney to pull out the maximum amount of water | 27 | |
| 4868760292 | (A.D.H) Anti Diuretic Hormone | A hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to help reabsorb water from the urine by having cells create more aquaporins (Diabetics lack this) | 28 | |
| 4868785236 | Descending Loop of Henle | Reabsorption of water continues through aquaporins, movement is driven by osmolarity of the interstitial fluid which is hyperosmotic (water leaves the filtrate/filtrate becomes more concentrated) | 29 | |
| 4868792472 | Distal Tubule | Regulates the K+ and NaCl concentrations of body fluids | 30 | |
| 4868841307 | Ascending Loop of Henle | Salt diffuses out of the filtrate but not water (Filtrate dilutes) | 31 | |
| 4868867976 | Collecting Duct | Carries the filtrate from the medula to the renal pelvis(water is lost as well as urea and salt, the filtrate becomes more concentrated) | 32 | |
| 4868895032 | Renal cortex | Outer portion of the kidney | 33 | |
| 4868897577 | Renal medula | Middle portion of the kidney; contains the loop of Henle and the collecting ducts | 34 | |
| 4868914966 | Renin-Angiotensin-Aldesterone system(RAAS) | A complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis | 35 | |
| 4868930220 | Juxtaglomerular Apparatus(JGA) | The structure that releases renin when blood pressure drops near the glomerulus | 36 | |
| 4868935759 | Angiotensin | Formed when renin is present, Raises blood pressure and decreases blood flow to the kidneys by producing the hormone Aldosterone | 37 | |
| 4868958733 | Atrial-Natriuretic peptide(ANP) | Does the opposite of RAAS when the blood pressure rises | 38 |