AP Biology: Chapter 2 Flashcards

8361498839	element	the basic form of matter that cannot be broken down	0
8361503272	compound	two or more different elements combined in a fixed ration	1
8361507353	atom	the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element	2
8361512207	neutron	-no charge -found in the nucleus -mass of 1 amu	3
8361518250	protons	-positive charge -found in the nucleus -mass of 1 amu	4
8361524117	electrons	- negative charge -found outside the nucleus -little mass -potential energy increases as their distance from the nucleus increases -orbit the nucleus in energy levels	5
8361530923	atomic number	number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	6
8361536392	mass number	number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus	7
8361541403	isotope	an element that has a different mass than normal due to a change in the normal number of neutrons	8
8361572667	2	the first energy level contains how many electrons	9
8361572669	8	the second energy level contains how many electrons	10
8361577329	8	the third energy level contains how many electrons	11
8361583665	inert or unreactive	an element whose valence shell is complete is said to be what	12
8361591179	covalent bond	sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms	13
8361601215	non polar covalent bond	equal sharing of electrons	14
8361601216	polar covalent bond	unequal sharing of electrons	15
8361606936	ion	transfer of electrons between atoms	16
8361611490	ionic bond	attraction between two oppositely charged ions	17
8361615768	cation	positively charged ion (lost electron)	18
8361620189	anion	negatively charged ion (gained electron)	19
8361639554	polar covalent	this hogging of electrons results in which type of bond between oxygen and hydrogen within the water molecule	20
8361645598	hydrogen bonds	occur between two polar molecules or between different polar regions of one large macro molecule	21
8361654089	van der waals interactions	weak attractions that occur when atoms and molecules are very close together, may occur in regions of a single large molecule such as a protein	22
8361668172	shape	determines how molecules recognize and respond to one another	23
8361680660	reactants	starting materials are known as	24
8361685662	products	ending materials are known as	25
8361699979	organic chemistry	the study of carbon compounds	26
8361712344	isomers	molecules with same molecular formula but different structures, different chemical properties	27
8361721536	hydrocarbons	simplest C molecules; combinations of C and H	28
8361733741	functional groups	different elements added to organic molecules that change their properties	29
8361739052	hydroxyl	-OH alcohols ex-ethanol	30
8361746606	carbonyl	C=O O double bonded to C C=O end= aldehyde C=o middle= ketone	31
8361759623	carboxyl	-COOH compounds with COOH= acids fatty acids amino acids	32
8361768583	amino	-NH2	33
8361777637	Sulfhydryl	-SH S bonded to H	34
8361783401	Phosphate	-PO4 function is to transfer energy between organic molecules	35
8361796310	methyl	-CH3 not a reactive group, serves as a recognizable tag on biomolecules used in DNA methylation	36