AP Biology--Cell Structure Flashcards

5266652710	nucleus	contains DNA, surrounded by selectively permeable nuclear membrane (envelope)	0
5266652711	nuclear membrane	contains pores to allow for transport of molecules such as RNA	1
5266652712	nucleolus	synthesis of ribosomes	2
5266652713	ribosomes	synthesis of proteins	3
5266652714	Smooth ER	3 functions: assists in synthesis of lipids, connects rough ER to Golgi, Carries out various detoxification processes	4
5266652715	Rough ER	site of protein synthesis (attached ribosomes)	5
5266652716	Golgi Body/Apparatus	surrounded by vesicles, packages substances produced in rough ER: secrete them to other parts of cell for export	6
5266652717	lysosomes	sacs of hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes—site of intracellular digestion, assists in apoptosis (programmed destruction of cells)	7
5266652718	cytoplasm	thick liquid between membrane, holds organelles, most cellular activites occur here, ex: glycolysis	8
5266652719	Vacuoles	structures for storage	9
5266652720	Vescicles	transport things	10
5266652721	mitochondria	site of cellular respiration—have an outder double membrane, inner series of membranes called cristae. contain own DNA	11
5266652722	chloroplasts	site of photosynthesis, have inner membrane that forms series of structures called grana (stack of thylakoids), found in the stroma. Contain own DNA	12
5266652723	cytoskeleton	complex network of protein filaments—gives cell its shape, enables it to move, anchors organelles to plasma membrane. includes microtubules and microfilaments.	13
5266652726	tubulin (microtubule)	hollow tubes made of protein tubulin that make up cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers	14
5266652727	cell membrane	protects/encloses cell—allows some substances to travel out of/into cell. isolates cell's contents, regulates movement of substances into/out of cell, communicates with other cells—made of fluid mosaic phopholipid bilayer	15
5266652728	cell wall	made of cellulose, found in plants, algae. cell walls of fungi made of chitin. primary cell wall-immediately outside plasma membrane. secondary cell wall—second series outside of primary layer. during cytokinesis, middle lamella or cell plate forms.	16
5266652729	Differences between plant/animal cells	a. plants have cell wall b. plants have chloroplasts c. animals have centrioles	17
5266652730	3 functions of cell membrane	i.Isolate cell's contents from external environment ii.Regulate mvmt of substances into and out of cell iii.Communicate with other cells	18
5266652732	Surface area/volume ratio	The surface area: volume ratio decreases as cells grow bigger. As the diameter of sphere grows bigger, the surface area grows smaller. This allows less room for substances to diffuse into/out of cell and makes the diffusion distance (from center of cell to membrane) bigger.	19