AP Biology - Biotechnology Flashcards
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| 6474997519 | Genetic Engineering | Process of manipulating genes & genomes | 0 | |
| 6474998511 | Biotechnology | Process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products | 1 | |
| 6475000660 | Recombinant DNA | DNA that has been artificially made using DNA from different sources (eg. human gene inserted into E. coli) | 2 | |
| 6475004386 | Gene Cloning | Process by which scientists can produce multiple copies of specific segments of DNA that they can work with in the lab | 3 | |
| 6475007849 | Restriction Enzyme | Used to cut strands of DNA at specific locations (restriction sites) | 4 | |
| 6475009563 | Restriction Fragments | Have at least 1 sticky end (single stranded end) | 5 | |
| 6475011385 | DNA Ligase | Joins DNA fragments | 6 | |
| 6475012270 | Cloning Vector | Carries the DNA sequence to be cloned (eg. bacterial plasmid) | 7 | |
| 6475016013 | Transformation | Bacteria takes up plasmid (w/ gene of interest) | 8 | |
| 6475017786 | PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) | Amplify (copy) piece of DNA w/out use of cells | 9 | |
| 6475018686 | Gel Electrophoresis | Used to separate DNA molecules on basis of size & change using an electrical current (DNA --> + pole) | 10 | |
| 6475023042 | Negative | The charge of DNA | 11 | |
| 6475025557 | DNA Fingerprint | Unique "picture" of a person's cut up DNA fragments that are separated by size | 12 | |
| 6475028398 | DNA Microarray Assays | Study many genes at same time | 13 | |
| 6475032590 | Nuclear Translation | Nucleus of egg is removed and replaced nucleus of the body cell | 14 | |
| 6475036091 | Stem Cells | Can reproduce itself indefinitely and produce other specialized cells | 15 | |
| 6475039105 | Zygote | Stem cell that is totipotent (any type of cell) | 16 | |
| 6475042807 | Embryonic Stem Cell | Stem cell that is pluripotent (many types of cells) | 17 | |
| 6475043941 | Adult Stem Cell | Stem cell that is multipotent (a few cell types) or induced pluripotent (iPS; forced to be pluripotent) | 18 | |
| 6475051605 | RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) | Cuts DNA with restriction enzymes -each person has a different # of DNA fragments created Analyze DNA samples on a gel for disease diagnosed *outdated method, required a lot of blood | 19 | |
| 6475057499 | STR Analysis (Short Tandem Repeats) | Non-coding DNA has regions with sequences (2-5 base length) that are repeated -each person has different # of repeats at different locations (loci) *current method of DNA fingerprinting (only needs 20 cells for analysis) | 20 | |
| 6475065159 | GM (Genetically Modified) Organism | Organisms altered through recombination DNA technology Insert foreign DNA into genome or combine DNA from different genomes | 21 | |
| 6514472588 | Plasmid | A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome. Also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeasts |  | 22 |
| 6514494765 | Sticky End | What a DNA fragment has after being cut by a restriction enzyme |  | 23 |
| 6514513990 | Epigenetics | Changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than the genetic code itself | 24 | |
| 6514561854 | Short Tandem Repeats (STR) | Repeated sequences of noncoding DNA that occur at different lengths and locations depending on the individual Current method of DNA fingerprinting, only needs 20 cells for analysis |  | 25 |