Chapter 6 AP Biology Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 6.

8731937363	organelles	membrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell	0
8731937364	cytosol	a jellylike substance where organelles and other components are found	1
8731937365	eukaryotic cell	Cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles	2
8731937366	prokaryotic cell	Cell with no nucleus nor membrane bound organelles	3
8731937367	nucleoid region	a non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is found	4
8731937368	cytoplasm	the region in a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus; it contains the cell structures and oganelles	5
8731937369	plasma membrane	The selective barrier that surrounds a cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell	6
8731937370	nucleus	chromosome-containing part of a eukaryotic cell	7
8731937371	nuclear envelope	encloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm	8
8731937372	nuclear lamina	a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope, lines the nuclear side of the nuclear envelope	9
8731937373	chromosomes	tightly coiled structures that carry the genetic information (can be seen during nuclear division)	10
8731937374	chromatin	loosly coiled genetic material that makes up chromosomes, a complex of proteins and DNA	11
8731937375	nucleolus	located in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes	12
8731937376	ribosomes	made of ribosomal RNA and protein, synthesize proteins	13
8731937377	endomembrane system	membranes that divide the cell into organelles such as the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the cell membrane.	14
8731937378	endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	accounts for more than half of total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope	15
8731937379	smooth ER	portion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes, synthesize lipids, detoxifies the cell, and regulates calcium levels	16
8731937380	rough ER	portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, produce and transport membrane and secretory proteins	17
8731937381	glycoproteins	proteins with covalently-bonded carbohydrates that play a role in cell to cell interaction	18
8731937382	transport vesicles	vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another	19
8731937383	Golgi apparatus	stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum	20
8731937384	lysosome	membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, which the cell uses to digest unwanted materials	21
8731937385	phagocytosis	the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle	22
8731937386	autophagy	lysosomes break down damaged organelles	23
8731937387	food vacuoles	formed by phagocytosis, pinches off from plasma membrane and encloses a food particle	24
8731937388	contractile vacuoles	pump excess water out of the cell to maintain a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell	25
8731937389	central vacuole	the largest organelle in a plant cell. It is surrounded by the tonoplast and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within plant cells	26
8731937390	mitochondria	chemically convert chemical (food) energy into usable ATP energy through cellular respiration	27
8731937391	chloroplasts	contain chlorophyll which help absorb solar energy in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars during photosynthesis	28
8731937392	cristae	infoldings in the inner membrane of the mitochondria	29
8731937393	mitochondrial matrix	compartment of the mitochondrion, enclosed by the inner membrane, contains enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle	30
8731937394	plastids	manufacture and store important chemical compounds used by the cell such as pigments, oils, and starches	31
8731937395	thylakoids	flattened and interconnected sacs found in chloroplasts. The light dependent stage of photosynthesis occurs on the membranes of these sacs	32
8731937396	granum	stacks of thylakoids	33
8731937397	stroma	fluid outside the thylakoids, contains chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes. The light independent stage of photosynthesis occurs in this area	34
8731937398	cytoskeleton	a network of fibers bracing the cytoplasm	35
8731937399	microtubules	hollow rods of protein, support the cell and moves organelles within the cell	36
8731937400	centrosome	a region located near the nucleus where micro-tubules grow from; important in cell division	37
8731937401	centrioles	cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division	38
8731937402	flagella	a long tail-like structure that aids in cell movement	39
8731937403	cilia	a short hair-like structures that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell, utilizes a back-and-forth motion	40
8731937404	microfilaments	the thinnest part of the cytoskeleton, are used to give shape to the cell and support all of its internal parts	41
8731937405	actin	a globular protein that makes up microfilaments	42
8731937406	pseudopodia	cellular extensions that enable a cell to crawl along a surface	43
8731937407	cytoplasmic streaming	the circular flow of cytoplasm within cells	44
8731937408	intermediate filaments	diverse class of cytoskeletal elements that bear tension like microfilaments	45
8731937409	cell wall	extracellular structure specific to plant cells, protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive water uptake	46
8731937410	primary cell wall	a relatively thin and flexible layer in plant cells, first secreted by a young cell	47
8731937411	middle lamella	a thin layer between primary walls of adjacent cells that glues them together with pectin	48
8731937412	secondary cell wall	a strong and durable matrix in plant cells, often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support	49
8731937413	extracellular matrix	where animal tissue cells are embedded, consists of protein and polysaccharides	50
8731937414	collagen	most common glycoprotein in the ECM, forms strong fibers outside the cells	51
8731937415	plasmodesmata	channels that perforate cell walls, allow for connections between cells in plants	52
8731937416	tight junctions	intercellular junction in animal tissues where plasma membranes of neighboring cells are very tightly pressed against each other, bound by specific proteins	53
8731937417	desmosomes	intercellular junction in animal tissues that function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets	54
8731937418	gap junctions	intercellular junction in animal tissues that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell, similar to plasmodesmata in plants	55