AP Biology: The Cell Cycle and Sexual Life Cycles Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 6796578260 | The Three Roles of Cell Division | Development and reproduction, growth and development, repair and renewal. | 0 | |
| 6796582935 | Cell Cycle | The life of a cell from its formation to division. | 1 | |
| 6796587040 | Genome | All of a cell's genetic information. | 2 | |
| 6796590861 | 46 Chromosomes | The amount of chromosomes in a human somatic cell. | 3 | |
| 6796593429 | Somatic Cell | Skin cells and muscle cells are examples of this kind of cell. | 4 | |
| 6796599499 | Gamete | A reproductive cell. Two types are sperm and eggs. | 5 | |
| 6796605810 | 23 Chromosomes | The amount of chromosomes in a human gamete. | 6 | |
| 6796609823 | Centromere | Region of sister chromatids where they are most closely attached. | 7 | |
| 6796614943 | Chromatin | Complex of DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes. | 8 | |
| 6796620215 | 92 Chromosomes | Number of DNA molecules in a human somatic cell. | 9 | |
| 6796622379 | Chromatid | One of 2 joined copies of a chromosome. | 10 | |
| 6796624750 | Chromosome | Cellular structure carrying genetic material. | 11 | |
| 6796630900 | Mitosis | The division of genetic material in a cell. This process replaces damaged cells in a wound, develops a zygote into a multicellular organism, and produces identical daughter cells. | 12 | |
| 6796632686 | Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm of a cell. | 13 | |
| 6796786871 | Animal Cell Cytokinesis | Nonkinetochore microtubules push against each other and elongate the cell while other microtubules wrap around the cell to develop a cleavage furrow that cinches the cell. | 14 | |
| 6796788747 | Plant Cell Cytokinesis | A vesicles gather at the middle of the first cell and forms a cell late that creates and separates two new cells. | 15 | |
| 6796635989 | Meiosis | The process that forms eggs that reduces the chromosome number of daughter cells. The gametes yield nonidentical daughter cells that have one set of chromosomes. | 16 | |
| 6796656956 | G1 Phase (First Gap) | The first phase of mitosis, is the first part of interphase. | 17 | |
| 6796665173 | S Phase (Synthesis) | The middle part of interphase. Chromosomes duplicate in this phase of mitosis. | 18 | |
| 6796670340 | G2 Phase (Second Gap) | This phase make up the last portion of interphase, organelles are created during this phase. | 19 | |
| 6796675176 | M Phase (Mitosis) | This phase distributes the daughter chromosomes to daughter nuclei. | 20 | |
| 6796683535 | Mitotic Spindle | An apparatus of micotubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis. It is made up of centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and asters. | 21 | |
| 6796690508 | Centrosome | Consists of two centrioles. | 22 | |
| 6796693737 | Kinetochore Microtubules | A protein complex that is attached to a chromatid. These fibers shorten and pull sister chromatids apart. They shorten at the chromatid end. | 23 | |
| 6796761615 | Nonkinetochore Microtubules | These fibers push against each other to lengthen the cell. | 24 | |
| 6796700446 | Interphase | This phase of cell division consists of G1 phase, the S phase, and the G2 phase. | 25 | |
| 6796722719 | Prophase | In this phase of cell division, chromatin condenses, the nucleolus is disappearing, and the mitotic spindle is forming. | 26 | |
| 6796732076 | Prometaphase | In this phase of cell division, the chromosomes are fully condensed. | 27 | |
| 6796734381 | Metaphase | During this phase of cell division, the mitotic spindle is complete, and the chromosomes attache to the kinetochore microtubules. | 28 | |
| 6796742168 | Anaphase | In this phase of cell division, the sister chromatids separate and the kinetochore microtubules shorten. | 29 | |
| 6796750589 | Telophase and Cytokinesis | During these phases of cell division, daughter cell nuclei form and the cytoplasm separates. | 30 | |
| 6796810000 | Molecular Control System | A mechanism that controls cell division. | 31 | |
| 6796815048 | Cell Cycle Checkpoint | A requirement that a cell must meet in order to move onto the next phase in the cell cycle. | 32 | |
| 6796819676 | G1 Checkpoint | The checkpoint where a cell gets bigger. | 33 | |
| 6796824344 | G2 Checkpoint | The checkpoint where organelles and proteins are made. | 34 | |
| 6796827008 | M Checkpoint | Checkpoint that consists of division, mitosis, and cytokinesis. | 35 | |
| 6796836522 | G0 Phase | The phase that a cell enters when it doesn't meet a checkpoint. | 36 | |
| 6796843113 | Protein Kinase | A protein that helps regulate the cell cycle. | 37 | |
| 6796848524 | Maturation-Promoting Factor (MPF | A factor that activates protein kinases and triggers a cell's passage past the G2 phase. | 38 | |
| 6796854545 | Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (Cdks) and Cyclins | Regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle control that fluctuate in activity throughout the cell cycle. | 39 | |
| 6796859974 | Growth Factors | External signals in the form of proteins released by cells to stimulate others to divide. | 40 | |
| 6796864982 | Density-Dependent Inhibition | A control mechanism that tells cells to stop dividing when they become crowded. | 41 | |
| 6796868601 | Anchorage Dependence | The need of cells to be attached to divide. | 42 | |
| 6796875130 | Transformation | The change of a normal cell into a cancerous cell. | 43 | |
| 6796877907 | Metastasis | The movement of a cancer cell outside of its origin. | 44 | |
| 6796881195 | Benign | When cancerous cells remain at their origin. | 45 | |
| 6796883007 | Malignant | When cancerous cells invade the surrounding tissues. | 46 | |
| 6796886271 | Removal and Radiation | Two types of treatments used to treat cancer cells. | 47 | |
| 6796892377 | Interphase Cell |  | 48 | |
| 6796897421 | Prophase Cell |  | 49 | |
| 6796899906 | Prometaphase Cell |  | 50 | |
| 6796902798 | Metaphase Cell |  | 51 | |
| 6796905237 | Anaphase Cell |  | 52 | |
| 6796906695 | Telophase Cell |  | 53 | |
| 6796912808 | Cytokinesis Cell (Animal) |  | 54 | |
| 6796918013 | Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis | The order of phases in cell division. | 55 | |
| 6796929129 | Cell Cycle |  | 56 | |
| 6796939174 | Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | Phases that are considered to be mitosis. | 57 | |
| 6796945156 | Aster | A radial array of short microtubules that extends from the centrosomes. | 58 | |
| 6796977130 | Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA. | 59 | |
| 6796983840 | Locus | A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located. | 60 | |
| 6796986975 | Gamete | A haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. | 61 | |
| 6796996585 | Male Gamete | Sperm | 62 | |
| 6797006700 | Female Gamete | Egg | 63 | |
| 6797008712 | Asexual Reprouction | Offspring are genetically identical to their parent in this type of reproduction. | 64 | |
| 6797014906 | Sexual Repreduction | Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes that are inherited from both parents in this type of reproduction. | 65 | |
| 6797028779 | Sex Chromosome | Chromosome that is responsible for determining the sex of an individual. | 66 | |
| 6797031724 | Autosome | All other chromosomes not responsible for determining sex of an individual. | 67 | |
| 6797035976 | Homologous Chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern. | 68 | |
| 6797052272 | Germ Cells in the Gonads | How and where are gametes produced. | 69 | |
| 6797061920 | Alternation of Generations | A trend observed in plants where their lifecycle has both a multicellular diploid and haploid form. | 70 | |
| 6797069810 | Sporophyte | The diploid form of a plant in its life cycle from alternation of generations. | 71 | |
| 6797085599 | Gametophyte | The halploid form of a plant in its life cycle from alternation of generations. | 72 | |
| 6797092761 | Meiosis | In this method of reproduction a cell undergoes interphase followed by two divisions. | 73 | |
| 6797104674 | Prophase I | During this phase of meiosis the cell undergoes synapsis, crossing over, and exhibits a chiasmata. | 74 | |
| 6797112782 | Synapsis | The pairing and physical connection of duplicate homologous chromosomes. | 75 | |
| 6797116916 | Crossing Over | The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids. | 76 | |
| 6797122304 | Chiasmata | An X-shaped microscopically visible region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase I of meiosis. | 77 | |
| 6797132156 | Metaphase I | During this phase of meiosis, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. | 78 | |
| 6797143708 | Homologous Chromosomes | What separates during the first division in meiosis I. | 79 | |
| 6797169195 | Anaphase I | During this phase of meiosis, pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated. | 80 | |
| 6797176480 | Haploid | Are the cells that result from meiosis I haploid or diploid? | 81 | |
| 6797195882 | Independent Assortment | The random orientation of chromosomes that gives ride to more genetic variation. | 82 | |
| 6797208328 | Meiosis I | Results in 2 haploid nonidentical daughter cells. | 83 | |
| 6797213999 | Prophase II | Chromosomes that consist of 2 chromatids move towards the metaphase plate. | 84 | |
| 6797217522 | Metaphase II | Kinetochores attach to the nonidentical sister chromatids. | 85 | |
| 6797229729 | Anaphase II | The nonidentical sister chromatids separate. | 86 | |
| 6797238253 | Meiosis II | Results in 4 haploid daughter cells. | 87 | |
| 6797254264 | Independent Assortment, Crossing Over, Random Fertilization | The 3 mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation in meiosis. | 88 |