AP Biology Functional Groups Flashcards

4814137802	Phosphate Group	consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms.	0
4814137803	Amino Group	composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. It acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution. Organic compounds with an amino group are called amines. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain a carboxyl and an amino group.	1
4814137804	Carbonyl Group	a carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. If the carbon of the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an aldehyde; if it is within the chain, the compound is called a ketone. Sugars contain a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups	2
4814137805	Hydroxyl Group	consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton. Ethanol and other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called alcohols.	3
4814137807	Sulfhydryl	consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen	4
4814137808	Carboxyl Group		5
4814137809	Methyl	consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens. Compounds with these groups are called methylated compounds.	6