AP Biology Unit 6.2 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards
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| 9895788090 | Metabolism | The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism | 0 | |
| 9895788091 | Metabolic Pathway | Series of enzyme-mediated reactions by which cells build, remodel, or break down an organic molecule | 1 | |
| 9895788092 | Catabolism | Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. |  | 2 |
| 9895788093 | Anabolism | Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. |  | 3 |
| 9895788094 | Anaerobic Glycolysis | Transformation of glucose to pyruvate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available; occurs in cytoplasm of cells. | 4 | |
| 9895788095 | Alcoholic Fermentation | Form of anaerobic respiration (often carried out by yeast) that produces ethanol from pyruvate under low oxygen conditions |  | 5 |
| 9895788096 | Pyruvate | Three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis. | 6 | |
| 9895788097 | Lactic Acid Fermentation | Form of anaerobic respiration (often carried out during strenuous exercise) that produces lactate from pyruvate under low oxygen conditions |  | 7 |
| 9895788098 | Lactate | Produced in muscles when glucose is broken down anaerobically during strenuous muscular activity | 8 | |
| 9895788100 | Ethanol | Alcohol formed by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates. | 9 | |
| 9895788101 | Facultative Anaerobe | Organism that can survive with or without oxygen | 10 | |
| 9895788102 | Obligate Anaerobe | Organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen | 11 | |
| 9895788103 | Cellular Respiration | Overall pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell |  | 12 |
| 9895788104 | Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |  | 13 |
| 9895788105 | Cristae | The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |  | 14 |
| 9895788106 | Intermembrane Space | The fluid filled space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes |  | 15 |
| 9895788107 | Matrix | The inner region of the mitochondrion, where the Krebs cycle occurs | | 16 |
| 9895788108 | Acetyl CoA | In the mitochondria, pyruvate is converted into this molecule, which then enters the Kreb's Cycle | 17 | |
| 9895788109 | Krebs Cycle | 1st stage of aerobic cell respiration; pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, which is broken down into carbon dioxide and ATP; also called the Citric Acid Cycle |  | 18 |
| 9895788110 | NADH | The reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration | 19 | |
| 9895788111 | FADH2 | The reduced form of FAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration | 20 | |
| 9895788112 | Electron Transport Chain | Series of proteins through which electrons are passed to make ATP | 21 | |
| 9895788113 | Chemiosmosis | A process for making ATP by ATP Synthase using the energy stored in an electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions. | 22 | |
| 9895788114 | ATP Synthase | Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during chemiosmosis | 23 |