AP World History Chapter 19 Flashcards

5908419043	Sultan Abd al-Hamid II	Ottoman sultan, 1876-1909, who accepted a reform constitution but then quickly suppressed it, ruling as a reactionary autocrat for the rest of his long reign	0
5908419044	Balance of Trade	diffrence between how much a country imports and how much it exports	1
5908419045	Boxer Uprising	rising of Chinese militia organizations from 1898 to 1901 in which large numbers of Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed	2
5908419046	Chinese Revolution of 1911	the collapse of China's imperial order, officially at the hands of organized revolutionaries but for the most part under the weight of the troubles that had overwhelmed the government for the previous half-century	3
5908419047	daimyo	feudal lords of Japan who retained substantial autonomy under the Tokugawa shogunate and only lost their social preeminence in the Meiji restoration	4
5908419048	extraterritoriality	right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation	5
5908419049	Hong Xiuquan	Chinese religious leader, 1814-1867, who sparked the Taiping Uprising and won millions to his unique form of Christianity, according to which he himself was the younger brother of Jesus, sent to establish a "heavenly kingdom of great peace" on earth	6
5908419050	Informal Empire	term commonly used to describe areas that were dominated by Western powers in the 19th century but that retained their own governments and a measure of independence (Latin America & China)	7
5908419051	Lin Xexu, Commissioner	1785-1850, Royal official charged with ending the opium trade in Canton, his concerted efforts to seize and destroy opium imports provoked the Opium Wars	8
5908419052	Meiji Restoration	the overthrow of the tokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1868, restoring power at long last to the emperor Meiji and establishing a new government commited to saving Japan from foreign domination by drawing upon what the modern West had to offer to transform Japanese society	9
5908419053	Mercantilism	policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver	10
5908419054	Perry, Matthew	U.S. navy commodore who in 1853 presented the ultimatum that led Japan to open itself to more normal relations with the outside world	11
5908419055	Opium Wars	two wars fought between Western powers and China(1839-1842 and 1856-1858) after China tred to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium; China lost both wars and was forced to make major concessions	12
5908419056	Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905	ending in a Japanese victory, this war established Japan as a formidable military competitor in East Asia and precipitated the Russian Revolution of 1905	13
5908419057	Samurai	armed retainers of the Japanese feudal lords, famed for their martial skills and loyalty; in the Tokugawa shogunate, the samural gradually became an administrative elite, but they did not lose their special privelges until the Meiji restoration	14
5908419058	Self-strengthening movement	China's program of internal reform in the 1860s, and 1870s, based on vigorous application of Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West	15
5908419059	Selim III	Ottoman sultan, 1789-1807, who attempted significant reforms of his empire, including the implementation of new military and administrative structures	16
5908419060	"Sick man of Europe"	Western Europe's unkind nickname for the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a name based on the sultan's inablility to prevent Western takeover of many regions and to deal with internal problems; it fails to recognize serious efforts in Ottoman state during this period	17
5908419061	Spheres of Influence	Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges	18
5908419062	Taiping Uprising	Massive Chinese rebellion that devastated much of the country between 1850 and 1864; it was based on the millenarian teachings of Hong Xiuquan	19
5908419063	Tanzimat reforms	important reform measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839; the term "Tanzimat" means "reorganization"	20
5908419064	Trade deficit	situation in which a country imports more than it exports	21
5908419065	Tokugawa Japan	Peaceful Japan as governed by a shogun from the Tokugawa family from 1600 1868	22
5908419066	unequal treaties	series of 19th century treaties in which China made major concessions to Western powers	23
5908419067	Young Ottomans	group of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed ca. 1900, eventually bringing down the Ottoman Empire	24
5908419068	Young Turks	movment of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed in 1900, eventually bringing down the Ottoman Empire	25