AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

7366594323	Agriculture	The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.	0
7366594324	Artisan	A skilled craftsperson.	1
7366594325	Domestication	The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.	2
7366594326	Eurasia	The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.	3
7366594327	Animism	The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.	4
7366594328	Hunter-foragers	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.	5
7366594329	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.	6
7366594330	Metallurgy	The science of the study of metals.	7
7366594331	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another.	8
7366594332	Monotheism	The belief in one God.	9
7366594333	Paleolithic Period	Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.	10
7366594334	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.	11
7366594335	Surplus	Having more resources than needed for themselves.	12
7366594336	Textile	Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.	13
7366594337	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	14
7366594338	Overgrazing	The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow.	15
7366594339	Overfarming	Land loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure.	16
7366594340	Artifacts	Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.	17
7366594341	Homo Sapiens Sapiens	Also known as "early modern humans" who became the only hominids on earth- us.	18
7366594342	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.	19
7366594343	Bronze Age	The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.	20
7366594344	Civilization	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	21
7366594345	Jericho	One of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river.	22
7366594346	Catal Huyuk	Ancient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up.	23
7366594347	Nomadic Pastoralism	People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.	24
7366594348	Kinship Group	Several related families that moved together in search of food.	25
7366594349	Clan	Group of families with a common ancestor.	26
7366594350	Tribe	A group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living.	27
7366594351	Patriarchal	Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.	28
7366594352	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods also known as traders.	29
7366594353	Social Stratification	The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.	30
7366594354	Priests and Priestesses	People who performed religious ceremonies.	31
7366594355	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.	32
7366594356	Mesopotamia	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.	33
7366594357	Fertile Crescent	An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .	34
7366594358	Sumerians	Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.	35
7366594359	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	36
7366594360	Desertification	The spread of desert like conditions.	37
7366594361	Indus River Valley	Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.	38
7366594362	Environmental Degradation	Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding.	39
7366594363	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	40
7366594364	Loess	A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt.	41
7366594365	Mesoamerica	An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.	42
7366594366	Glyphs	The first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects.	43
7366594367	Barter	Trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.	44
7366594368	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods.	45
7366594369	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	46
7366594370	Astronomy	The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.	47
7366594371	Astrology	Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events.	48
7366594372	Abraham	Founder of Judaism.	49
7366594373	Moses	Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments.	50
7366594374	Ten Commandments	Laws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives.	51
7366594375	Jewish Diaspora	The scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E.	52
7366594376	The Huang He and The Chiang Jiang	Where Chinas first civilizations developed.	53
7366594377	Mummification	Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.	54
7366594378	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.	55
7366594379	Papyrus	A type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper.	56
7366594380	Vedas	A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.	57
7366594381	Vedic Age	Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.	58
7366594382	Brahma	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.	59
7366594383	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties.	60
7366594384	Karma	The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul.	61
7366594385	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	62
7366594386	Ancestor Veneration	The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.	63
7366594387	Golden Age	A period in which a society or culture is at its peak.	64
7366594388	Mandate of Heaven	A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.	65
7366594389	Upanishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.	66
7366594390	Pictographs	A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.	67
7366594391	Shamans	People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	68
7366594392	Core and Foundational civilizations	Civilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions.	69
7366594393	City-State	Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.	70
7366594394	Kings	Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.	71
7366594395	Cuneiform	Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	72
7366594396	Scribes	Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.	73
7366594397	The Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.	74
7366594398	Empire	Large territory that included diverse cultural groups.	75
7366594399	Babylonians	Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.	76
7366594400	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.	77
7366594401	Code of Hammurabi	Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.	78
7366594402	Phoenicians	Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.	79
7366594403	Carthage	A Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, that became a significant outpost in the region.	80
7366594404	Alphabetic script	A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.	81
7366594405	Sahara and Kalahari Deserts	Two desert zones one in Northern Africa and the other in Southern Africa.	82
7366594406	Nile River	The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.	83
7366594407	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.	84
7366594408	Old Kingdom	A period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC.	85
7366594409	Middle Kingdom	A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC.	86
7366594410	New Kingdom	The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.	87
7366594411	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	88
7366594412	Theocrats	Rulers holding both religious and political power.	89
7366594413	Hyksos	A group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.	90
7366594414	Akhenaton	The pharaoh that tried to change Egypts religion and called for the worship of a sun god called Aten.	91
7366594415	Ramses the Great	Took the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh.	92
7366594416	Hittites	Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.	93
7366594417	Book of the Dead	Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.	94
7366594418	Dravidians	Indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent.	95
7366594419	Xia Dynasty	Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.	96
7366594420	Shang Dynasty	Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.	97
7366594421	Zhou Dynasty	The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	98
7366594422	Feudalism	The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.	99
7366594423	Maize	One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.	100
7366594424	Chavin Civilization	Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.	101
7366594425	Olmec	The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.	102
7366594426	Aboriginals	People in Australia who remained hunter-foragers.	103
7366594427	Easter Island	Divided into clans, with a chief for each clan and one chief over all clans.	104