AP World History: Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards

8237431695	Aztec Empire	These people welled in Mexico, practiced polytheism and human sacrifice, were semi-nomadic, were ruled by a king, and had rich resources such as cocoa and gold.	0
8237437060	Benin	This was an African agricultural society ruled by Ewuare, a warrior king, and had a centralized government who encouraged trade, art, and metal work.	1
8237437061	Christopher Columbus	Genoses mariner commissioned by Spain to search for a new trading route to Asia; in 1492, he found America instead.	2
8237441230	European Renaissance	The "Rebirth of Europe" was a reflection on ancient Greek and Roman culture and a focus on humanism.	3
8237449494	Fulbe	West Africa's largest pastoral society, whose members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that lead to the creation of a number of new states.	4
8237452908	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god	5
8237453866	Hundred Years War	Major conflict between France and England over rival claims to territory in France; the two states' need to finance the war helped encourage their administrative development.	6
8237453867	Igbo	This was a stateless society in Africa that enforced universities, educations, and different, yet equally important occupations held by all people to maintain balance.	7
8237455551	Inca Empire	These people were located along the Andes mountains and modern-day Peru, were one of the largest states and spoke Quechua.	8
8237455552	Iroquis League of Five Nations	This was a collected group of elders from each of the five Iroquois clans who, under the Great Law of Peace, banded together to stop tribal disputes.	9
8237459328	Malacca	This was a major trade center located in the state of Malacca near the Asiatic - Pacific coastline, where Chinese goods were most likely available.	10
8237460246	Mexica	Semi-nomadic people of northern Mexico who by 1325 had established themselves on a small island in Lake Texcoco, where they built their capital, Tenochitlán.	11
8237460247	Ming Dynasty	This dynasty focused on rebuilding China to the glory it had before the rule of the Mongols; they accomplished this through reforestation, encouraging art and metal work, and maritime adventure/trade.	12
8237461604	Mughal Empire	Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after the rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century.	13
8237462943	Nezahualcoyotl	A poet and king of the city-state of Texcoco, which was part of the Aztec Empire.	14
8237462944	Ottoman Empire	This was a Turkish, Islamic Empire that expanded across Northern Africa, Greece and Anatolia, and partly Saudi Arabia. They encouraged and wanted to Restore Islam to its full glory and were ruled by Sultans/Caliphs.	15
8237465073	Paleolithic Persistence	This was the continued existence of hunter-gatherer civilizations despite the flourishing, advanced societies around them.	16
8237465074	Pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.	17
8237467627	Safavid Empire	Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722.	18
8237469154	Songhay Empire	West African Savannas, second half of 15th century, most recent and largest in a series of states operating in the trans-Saharan trade routes, Islam. Created a mix of cultures, represented a substantial Islamic state on the African frontier of a still expanding Muslim world, major crossroads of trade.	19
8237470240	Tenochtitlán	Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica.	20
8237470241	Timbuktu	This was a city located in Mali, Africa that served as a major trading port, offering salt, gold, etc. and harbored many Islamic scholars.	21
8237471305	Timur	He was a Chinese Emperor who ruled before the Ming Dynasty and attempted to restore China to the time of the Mongols.	22
8237472725	Triple Alliance	Military and political alliance formed before World War I to counter moves by potential rivals England, France, and Russia; consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.	23
8237472726	Vasco da Gama	Portuguese explorer whose voyage was the first European venture to reach India by circling the tip of South Africa.	24
8237475707	Yongle	Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Empire (r. 1403-1424).Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel (355)	25
8237477567	Zheng He	He was a Chinese explorer who sailed the South China Sea and Indian Ocean with 300 massive ships and 27,000 men; he provided China an opportunity to monopolize trade.	26