AP World History- Unit 3 Flashcards

5814680697	Buddhism	came to china over the silk roads. It is a religion that desires to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana	0
5814680698	Daoism	Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of noncompetition	1
5814680699	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land	2
5814680700	Grand canal	One of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	3
5814680701	Hangzhou	Capital of the Southern Song dyansty	4
5814680702	Nara Japan	Centered on the city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese Influence	5
5814680703	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	6
5814680704	Nirvana	Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated	7
5814680705	Porcelain	Lighter, thinner and adaptable	8
5814680706	Samurai	A Japanese warrior	9
5814680707	Shogun	Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor	10
5814680708	Song dynasty	It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society	11
5814680709	Tang dynasty	An imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty	12
5814680710	Uighurs	Turkish tribe	13
5814680711	Abbasid dynasty	Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid	14
5814680712	Abu-Bakr	First caliph after the death of Muhammad	15
5814680713	Allah	God of the monotheistic religion of Islam	16
5814680714	Bedouin	Nomadic Arabic tribespeople	17
5814680715	Caliph	"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	18
5814680716	dar al-Islam	The "house of Islam," a term for the Islamic world	19
5814680717	Five Pillars of Islam	The foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj	20
5814680718	hadith	a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran.	21
5814680719	hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	22
5814680720	hijra	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith	23
5814680721	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture	24
5814680722	jihad	a war or struggle against unbelievers.	25
5814680723	jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims	26
5814680724	Ka'aba	main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj	27
5814680725	madrasas	Islamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century	28
5814680726	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	29
5814680727	Muslim	A follower of Islam	30
5814680728	Quran	Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad	31
5814680729	sakk	Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world	32
5814680730	sharia	The Islamic holy law, drawn up by theologians form the Quran and accounts of Muhammad's life	33
5814680731	Shia	Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali	34
5814680732	Sufi	Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules	35
5814680733	Sunni	"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead	36
5814680734	ulama	Islamic officials, scholars who shaped public policy in accordance with the Quran and the Sharia	37
5814680735	umma	Islamic term for the "community of the faithful"	38
5814680736	Ummayad dynasty	Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east	39
5814680737	Melaka (Malacca)	Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic	40
5814680738	Axum	African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity	41
5814680739	caste system	class structure that is determined by birth.	42
5814680740	dhows	Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin	43
5814680741	Srivijaya	Southeast Asian kingdom, based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade	44
5814680742	Byzantine Empire	Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian	45
5814680743	caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe	46
5814680744	Corpus iuris civilis	Body of the Civil Law, the Byzantine emperor Justinian's attempt to codify all Roman law	47
5814680745	Greek fire	Devastating incendiary weapon used mainly at sea by Byzantine forces in the 7th and 8th CE	48
5814680746	Hagia Sofia	Massive Christian church constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian and later converted into a mosque	49
5814680747	Magyars	Hungarian invaders who raided towns in Germany, Italy, and France in the ninth and tenth century	50
5814680748	Odovacer	Germanic general who deposed Romulus Augustus in 476 CE, thus bringing about the end of the western Roman Empire	51
5814680749	Patriarch	Leader of the Greek Orthodox church, which in 1054 officially split with the Pope and the Roman Catholic church	52
5814680750	schism	Mutual excommunication of the Roman Pope and Byzantine Patriarch in 1054 over ritual, doctrinal and political differences between the two Christian chruches	53
5814680751	Vikings	A group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway	54
5814680752	shamans	Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature	55
5814680753	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by Genghis Khan's grandson	56
5814680754	Temüjin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name Chinggis Khan, "universal ruler"	57
5814680755	yurts	Tents used by nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes	58
5814680756	age grades	Bantu institution in which individuals of roughly the same age carried out communal tasks appropriate for that age	59
5814680757	Bantu peoples	African peoples who originally lived in the area of present day Nigeria;	60
5814680758	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century	61
5814680759	Mali empire	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu	62
5814680760	Sundiata	Founder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work	63
5814680761	Swahili	East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language	64
5814680762	chivalry	European medieval code of conduct for knights based on loyalty and honor	65
5814680763	Franciscans	An order of mendicants founded by St. Francis whose purpose was to live in poverty and serve the religious needs of their communities	66
5814680764	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	67
5814680765	relics	Physical remains of saints or religious figures assembled by churches for veneration	68
5814680766	reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	69
5814680767	Saladin	Muslim leader and crusader who recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians	70
5814680768	three estates	The three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #3	71
5814680769	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during he reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I	72
5814680770	chinampa	Agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots	73
5814680771	Iroquois	Eastern American Indian confederation made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes	74
5814680772	Maori	Indigenous people of New Zealand	75
5814680773	Quetzalcóatl	Aztec god, the "feathered serpent," who was borrowed originally from the Toltecs; Quetzalcoatl was believed to have been defeated by another god and exiled, and he promised to return	76
5814680774	quipu	Incan mnemonic aid comprised of different-colored strings and knots that served to record events in the absence of a written text	77
5814680775	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico city	78
5814680776	Teotihuacan	Central American society; its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica	79