AP World History Chapter 13 Chinese Civilization: Tang and Song Dynasties Study Guide Flashcards

8547383326	Yangdi	Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618	0
8547385501	Li Yuan	(566-635) Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; 1st emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu.	1
8547388313	Chang'an	Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million; larger than any other city in the world at the time	2
8547389100	Ministry of Rites	Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars	3
8547394098	Jinshi	Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office	4
8547397151	Pure Land Buddhism	Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society	5
8547404412	Chan Buddhism	Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society	6
8547405834	Zen Buddhism	Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty	7
8547410175	Empress Wu	Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created	8
8547412150	Wuzong	Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology	9
8547415012	Xuanzong	Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713-755, although he encouraged overexpansion	10
8547417782	Yang Guifei	(719-756) Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of her relatives into royal administration led to revolt	11
8547421806	Zhao Kuangyin	(r. 960-976) Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent	12
8547444035	Liao (lyow) Dynasty	Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China	13
8547445963	Khitans	Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century	14
8547449871	Zhu Xi	(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	15
8547452101	neo-Confucians	Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences	16
8547457066	Tangut	Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of the regional kingdoms during period of southern Song conquered by Mongols in 1226	17
8547458418	Xi Xia	Kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry	18
8547460692	Wang Anshi	Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society	19
8547462145	Jurchens	Founders of the Jin Kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to the south	20
8547464383	Jin	Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234	21
8547467383	Southern Song	Rump state of Song Dynasty from 1127-1279; carved out of the much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history	22
8547469895	Grand Canal	Built in the 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long	23
8547475870	Junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	24
8547477997	Flying Money	Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage ; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency	25
8547479139	Li Bo	(701-762) Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. The name is alternately spelled Li Po and Li Bai	26
8603042470	Footbinding	Practice in Chinese society of mutilating women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household; represented beauty and power	27