FULL 2017 AP WORLD HISTORY STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

All the packets In one sweet Quizlet

the charts are not included you're on your own for that part.

6783404133	How did climate affect the agricultural revolution?	Climate has been a major factor in determining where people settled. People tended to settle in areas that had climates that accommodated agriculture and livestock	0
6783413573	Basic foundations time periods were?	•the Paleolithic age: goes to about 12,000, BC during this time people were nomadic •the Neolithic age: 12,000- 8000BC, people settled down and civilizations began to emerge. •River valley civilizations:3500-1500BC •classical civilizations:1000 BC to 600 CE, major were Zhou & Han Greece & Rome and the Gupta empire.	1
6783439992	What were common characteristics of the early river valley civilizations?	•complex irrigation systems •legal codes •money •art and written literature •more formal scientific knowledge, numbering systems, and calendars •intensification if social inequality.	2
6783469748	What were Common characteristics of Classical civilizations?	•Patriarchal family structures •Agricultural based economies: despite having job specialization mist were farmers. •complex governments: because there were more people that meant they needed more complicated ways to govern however know the three didn't do it the same way. •Expanding trade bases: know they made it over Land and sea	3
6783503868	What is The silk road	Overland trade route extended from western china across central Asia and finally to the Mediterranean area, Chinese silk Is what everyone wanted most, but Chinese were willing to trade it for some goods (horses from central Asia was a big one) REMEMBER: IT was not a single route just a path with common stops, and trade towns. No one traveled from start to finish of the silk road, but some products (silk) did.	4
6783533480	What is the Indian ocean trade	Water route, more important in classical era, had three legs: one connected eastern Africa & middle east with India, another connected India to southeast Asia, and the last one linked southeast Asia to the Chinese port in canton.	5
6783584239	What is the Saharan trade	Connected people who lived south of the Sahara to the Mediterranean and the middle east, Berbers were biggest agents of trade, they carried goods in camel caravans with Cairo at the mouth of the nile river they connected other trade routs so Cairo because a major trading city.	6
6783602001	What is the Sub-Sahara trade	Most likely inspired by Bantu migration, and by the end of the classical era people south of the Sahara were connected to people in eastern, and southern parts of Africa. This trade connected the Indian ocean trade along the eastern coasts of Africa which connected people I south Africa to Cairo and India.	7
6783617124	What were similarities with the fall of the classical era empires?	•attack from the huns •deterioration of political institutions •lack of protection/ maintenance at the borders •Diseases that follow the trade routes.	8
6783647598	What were common consequences of the three collapses of the classical era civilizations	•trade was disrupted but survived, keeping intact the trends towards long distance contact. Trade in Indian ocean increased as a conflict and declined of political authority affected overland trade. •Religion importance increased as political authority decreased, in west, Christianity was left to slowly develop authority in people's lives. Buddhism quickly spread into china looking like a competition to Confucianism. •political disunity in the middle east forged the way for the appearance of a new religion in the seventh century by 600 CE Islam was in wings waiting to make it's entrance in the world	9
6786063112	What were major events that caused changes in the world history frame leading up to 600-1450 as a period ?	•Islam emerges •industrial revolution in china (Sung dynasty) •Spread of neo-Confucianism (in china) •Schism in Christianity (split) •camels in Sahara (bigger trade) •The black death •Italian renaissance (began dominance of Europe in cultural	10
6786091729	What new empires and political systems came in 600-1450	•Tang Dynasty (618-906) •Mongols •caliphate systems •feudalism	11
6786268244	Why do historians think the byzantine empire, the impact of Viking raids, The Christian crusades, The Mongolian empire, and Mamluk rule in Egypt created a new historical period?	•The byzantine held loads of different groups of people, used bureaucracy to succeed (tang also did this) •The Viking raids challenged Europe to better protect themselves, (began Europe feudalism) invaded large towns and cities •The crusades Europe traveled to the holy land creating a desire to eastern goods leads to exploration. •Mongolian empire were new group of invaders from monogolia under the leadership of ghenngis khan •Mamluk rule in Egypt (non arab slave in Egypt who overthrew Egyptians)	12
6786303402	The Islamic world	•Islam was a unifying force in culture aspects of Eurasia and Africa-it was so similar to what everyone already did it just united them all under one thing. (BE ABLE TO COMPARE THIS TO EUROPEAN CATHOLICISM) •used caliphate and had a sultanate (think Aladdin) •Was huge on art science math and technology	13
6786406836	What were interregional networks and contacts went over the trans Sahara trade?	•Gold ivory and slaves and spices from below the Sahara with salt cloth and metalware from the Sahara •Across the Sahara between north Africa and Europe beyond to west Africa •Aided the rise of African empires and kingdoms in west Africa and spread Islam through west Africa.	14
6786443197	What went through the Indian ocean	•slaves, ivory, gold and iron from Africa, porcelain from china pottery from Burma, cloth from India •major route from east Africa to Asia was because of monsoons, traded with china through Arabs, Indian, Malayan, and Indonesians until 1400 when Chinese started directly trading •brought money/ trade to east Africa , Swahili (mix of Arabic and Bantu languages) brought Islam to coastal Bantu speakers.	15
6786481005	What went through the silk routes.	•Silk and porcelain from china, woolen and linen cloth, glass, horses, ivory from other trading partners	16
6786563948	What were some contact between major religions	•All of the had missionaries traveling through asia •Islam and Buddhism traded and had peace of each other's co-existence •Islam and Christianity had the Christian crusades and war.	17
6786585302	What were the impact of the Mongols empires?	•created largest land empire in the world •spread other cultures •improved trade throughout Asia and eastern Europe •paper money, banking, and letters of credit •once conquered a peace was there for a while	18
6786601189	What were the importance of the tang and song economic revolutions and the initiatives of the early Ming dynasty.	•paper money •mass production of tea •porcelain •silk •champa rice •Canton city in china because a major trading city •Exploration and trade (Zheng he)	19
6787769703	Characteristics of the economic revolutions in tang and song dynasties were	•increasing agricultural production •increasing population •urbanization •technological innovations •financial inventions	20
6787802647	How did china influence surrounding areas and it's limits?	•Japan: copied tang government, architecture, Buddhism; but did NOT believe in foot binding •Conquered most of Asia •Neo-Confucianism (make sure to have why Neo-Confucianism came about)	21
6788490704	How was the restructuring of Europe after the fall of the roman empire politically socially economically?	•the church took over all aspects of life •European society was restricted As the pope as the religious authority •feudalism rises as main form as defense and government •kings and knights support pope's call for crusades •crusades take knights to middle east to fight •many kings become powerful	22
6788598897	The division of Christendom into eastern and western Christian cultures	•the church was divided In 1054 over the issue of icons two churches emerged, Eastern orthodox and roman catholic. •after the schism the pope continued to be the head of the roman catholic church and was selected only by the cardinals. The byzantine emperor selected the patriarch	23
6788615360	What were basic migrations of agricultural people ?	•Bantus were agricultural people who traveled throughout Africa, spread language, and had the slave trade network established. •various Germanic and slavs (not slaves slavs) moved throughout Europe caused political instability •increased agricultural and population puts strain on the environment.	24
6788630173	What were the common consequences of the plague pandemics in the 14th century?	•kills massive amounts of people (30 percent) •Major changes in economic systems •Affects population centers •lawlessness	25
6788642713	How was the growth and the role of cities affected in 600-1450?	•many cities became prominent due to trade (Canton, Samarkand, Timbuktu, Cairo, and Venice) •Centers of education •Cultural diffusion	26
6788653923	What are the issues involved in using cultural areas rather than states as units if analysis	Many areas Such as Europe had large areas of boundaries such as farce studying states can be overwhelming because of the number of states involved. Cultural areas go over boundaries but provide the ability to study a culture rather than a state	27
6791154226	Was there a world economic network Is 600-1450?	Yes, as far as the "know" world for different groups. Europe had world network in trade with Africa and Asia but because lack of ability there was not trade with the Americas or the south pacific islands. The Americans had a trade system for their know world but In the next time period world exploration and trade allowed for true world trade.	28
6791169940	What were the common patterns in new opportunities available to the constraints placed on elite women during the 600-1450s ?	•Many women gained right to key dowry •managed households •supervised education of children •Cultural patrons • nuns	29
6791172266	What were developments in political and social institutions in both eastern and western Europe	•In western Europe the catholic church was a major unifying force, when it wasn't in the east •Feudalism in the west.	30
6791193012	What were the overall changes in 1450-1750?	•the world truly became global the west made contact With the east and wow dude •Maritime trade dominated the world (everyone wants that sea trade) •European kingdoms gained world power •Nomads were becoming a thing of the past •Labor systems were transformed •"Gunpowder empires" emerged in the middle east and Asia.	31
6788585461	The ottoman empire	•Founded by Osman , the Ottoman empire included Turkish tribes from Asia minor. In 1453 they conquered Constantinople and ended the byzantine empire from Constantinople they launched raids into the Balkans of Europe. •Under Suleiman the magnificent the ottomans controlled land on three continents. They took land from Bagdad to Belgrade and laid siege to Vienna. (the siege of Vienna was turning point in ottoman expansion and European unity to fight muslim expansion) •Used extensive civil service and bureaucracy and maintained a large multiethnic empire for 600 years. •Huge army of mounted and foot solders, captured boys to become skilled solders. Slaves were used for labor •Most were Sunni however some were orthodox and jew empire was extremely diverse. Merchant class was very important. •Women had more equality than other areas including the right to own property.	32
6791251360	Mughal empire	•continuation of Delhi sultanate •Land included modern day India Pakistan and Afghanistan •strong military required higher taxes •Military service rewarded by land grants (upset regional rulers) •Muslim authority over Hindus •Sikhism emerges in some areas (combination of Islam and Hinduism) •Limited trade •The taj mahal was built during this (Islamic building)	33
6791275129	Tokugawa Japan	•Gunpowder empire •Run of shoguns •Less patient with Christians missionaries Chinese were more patient.	34
6791289331	What were factors that weakened Ming china?	•Climate change (got colder everyone sick and agricultural bad) •Nomadic invasions (Mongols pulled a mcrx, Japanese attack Korea, forcing Ming to try to defend.) •Pirates •Decline in silk road (everyone wanted sea travel) •Inept rulers (the Dude that had no idea they were under attack until the enemy was literally climbing over the palace walls.)	35
6791345677	The early Qing dynasty	The Manchus overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644, where they were asked to fight off the Mongols, and after defeating the Mongols and Japanese they just decided to take china as there own. •Qing means pure, the empire was incredibly strong and used the mandate of heaven. •Still forbidden intermarriage between Chinese and them, and forced Chinese to shave the front of the head and keep the back long as a act of submission.	36
6791363682	How was the cultural and intellectual life in china.	•Based on Chinese traditions •Neo-Confucianism •Civil service exams •Printing press increase the number of books, including novels which Confucian scholars condemned	37
6791379815	Key European powers emerged during 1450-1750 they include?	•Portugal •Spain •England •France	38
6791388770	Patterns of social and gender change during the 1450s to 1750s include?	•Major cities included Paris, London, Amsterdam •rise of bourgeois-middle class emerges •rising gap between the poor and everyone else •marriages take place later in life, less likely to be arranged, more freedom for women •women become more educated •Renaissance brings a new age of art and literature to Europe •reformation brings an end to unified European Catholicism	39
6791408085	Russia	For the APWH test Russia is considered non western During 1450-1750 Russia converted to orthodox Christianity and began to contact the west. Peter the great mad it his goal to westernize Russia . He mandated westernized clothing, education, and military structures. Russia became a major power in world affairs.	40
6791421083	Major results of interaction between Europeans and native Americans (THINK COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE) included	•Diseases: small pox measles influenza; Europeans got a worse form of syphilis •Animals: brought to America made more transportation and food •Crops: gave Europeans cash crops so they didn't starve, and had population increase. But they needed the population because plague epidemic wiped out so much •American colonies died because the diseases and European were brutal so tons of customs, cultures and people were lost. •The Columbian exchange ruined the soil, caused deforestation. •(Be aware of the little ice age which spread as far as china)	41
6791435861	What were major events of 1750-1914	•Europe and U.S became major player in world events •Beginning in early 1700s, Europeans truly had a hold on "colonies'' around the world. •world trading networks were dominated by the west but they still impacted the world. •Countries either have industrialization and economic development or didn't •Political, social, economic, revolutions swept the world during thus time period Enlightenment, America and French revolutions, Haitian revolution, industrial revolution, Rise of capitalism and Adam smith, unification of states (Germany, Italy, united states, nationalism, imperialism, colonialism)	42
6791522606	Industrial revolution	•Began in great Britain because of economic and political stability, (spread like syphilis in a high school) •Russia and Japan had major government involved •most relied on laissez-faire and individual capitalists. Overall losers of the industrial revolution were the poor who gave the most labor but didn't get an equal share of new found wealth, and non westernized countries who lost their raw materials and were discouraged from industrialization.	43
6791583100	What were changes and continuities in social and gender structure.	•growing population in rural areas and enclosure of land/large scale farming sends more labor to urban areas leading to increase in size of industrial working class in industrialized economies; young women recruited to work in textile factories; children work in factories as well until child labor laws later in the nineteenth century •Growing middle class due to industrialized economies' need for more white collar workers, including teachers for public education, when child labor laws enforce compulsory education; Women are recruited to teach young children in public schools. •Victorian cult of domesticity leads middle class women or those with middle class aspirations to imitate wealthy women by not working for pay; ideal is to have a servant at home to do domestic chores. •Nobility lose privileges in industrialized countries.	44
6791756127	What pushed political revolutions, and independence movements?	•The influence of the enlightenment (everyone was questioning government, pushed the renaissance, scientific revolution, protestant reformation, everyone was thinking, and saying new ideas of government ad societies, and once Europe did it French had to do it too.) • New wealth of the bourgeoisie	45
6791781697	Egypt	•Egypt was successful for a time in holding off the British empire under the leadership oh Muhammad Ali, who had fought against the Napoleonic armies, Egypt defeated the invading British army in 1807. As viceroy of Egypt Ali defeated the mamlukes and began to modernize Egypt. In 1811 he waged a war against the wahhabis (the same one Osama bin laden belongs to today) in 1818 his son Ibrahim pasha defeated the wahhabis. Muhammad Ali also conquered parts of Sudan and founded the city of Khartoum. Later Muhammad helped the ottoman sultan fight the Greek rebels and invade Syria to expand his empire. •in an effort to further advance Egypt Muhammad Ali sought international financing of a plan to create a canal along the Suez. Great Britain and France got the funding, so obviously there was conflict of who would control the canal and for the majority Egypt became controlled by the British. Ali's descendants held the title of kings of Egypt until 1952.	46
6791832275	What were the major events of 1914-the present ?	•The 20th century is where the world got "smaller" •communication and transportation made it possible to connect every part of the globe even into outer space •The U.S came to dominate the world during the 20th century and our culture spread everywhere. Not every part of the globe felt comfortable with the Americanization of the world. American values can be interpreted as being based upon communism, greed, sex, and violence. Many societies veiwed this as in direct violation if their traditional values •The united states dominated the world economy and politically we became the richest country in the history of the world. In many cases our multinational corporations used cheap labor and cheap natural resources from the underdeveloped world to become extremely wealthy. •The 20th century has been the most violent century is history.	47
6792119418	Some distinct characteristics of world war II were?	•worldwide participation everyone fought expect Afghanistan, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Mongolia, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet, Yemen •Technology even though airplanes, and tanks existed in WW I by WW II They dominated. •they always killed far more civilians unlike WWI they deliberately attacked wide urban cities in intend to torment population so the enemy would surrender.	48
6792223136	Nationalist movements in Africa	•Senegal-Blaise Diane agitated for African participation in politics and fair treatment by the French army. •South Africa-western-educated natives founded the Africa national congress in 1909 to defend the interests of Africans •Ethiopia-Italy took over Ethiopia in the years leading up to WWII and emperor Haile Selassie led Ethiopia troops into his capital city to reclaim his title. Ethiopians and people of northern Africa responded to allied promises of liberation and helped the allies defeat the Germans that had occupied the area.	49