AP World History Empires Flashcards

5652460970	Centralized	unitary government; under one central authority	0
5652460971	Decentralized	central to local government	1
5652460972	Bureaucracy	A form of organization that operates through impersonal, uniform rules and procedures composed of appointed officials	2
5652460973	Empire	an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.	3
5652460974	Conversion	the act or an instance of converting or the process of being converted such as a religion	4
5652460975	Infrastructure	the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.	5
5652460976	Diplomacy	the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.	6
5652460977	Supply Lines	a system involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform materials into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. Used in Roman military	7
5652460978	Currency	a system of money in general use in a particular country/empire	8
5652460979	Artisans	a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.	9
5652460980	Corvée Labor	Unpaid labor that a European vassal owed a lord or that a citizen in later times owed the state, either in addition to or in lieu of taxes.	10
5652460981	Slavery	the act of owning someone who has no free will due to overtaking their country or buying them	11
5652460982	Tribute	an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.	12
5652460983	Pack Animals	an animal used to carry heavy loads	13
5652460984	Lateen sails	a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast in the Mediterranean	14
5652460985	Hierarchy	a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.	15
5652460986	Desalinization	energy intensive and produces an extremely concentrated brine byproduct with detrimental environmental effects.	16
5652460987	Integration	the action or process of integrating.	17
5652460988	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population	18
5652460989	Filial Piety	In Confucian philosophy, a book explaining a virtue of respect for one's parents and ancestors.	19
5652460990	Jati	Indian word for a Hindu subcaste	20
5652460991	Pax Romana	"Roman Peace," a term that relates to the period of political stability, cultural brilliance, and economic prosperity beginning with the unification under Augustus and lasting through the first two centuries CE	21
5652460992	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. (p.159)	22
5652460993	Civil service exam	recruitment method and educational system employed from the Han dynasty	23
5652460994	Assimilation	the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group	24
5652460995	Han Wudi	most prominent and important Han dynasty empire, created public school system; important because public school idea still used today	25
5652460996	Win Shihuandgdi	also known as Qin Shi Huang; first emperor of China	26
5652460997	August Caesar	Honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. (151)	27
5652460998	Asoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. (p. 184)	28
5652460999	Cyrus	Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples.	29
5652461000	Achaemenid Empire	first great Persian empire, which began under Cyrus and reached its peak under Darius	30
5652461001	Darius	Third ruler of the Persian Empire (r. 521-486 B.C.E.). He crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes.	31
5652461002	Persepolis	A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homelan (119)	32
5652461003	Xerxes	Emperor who had trouble maintaining the cultural tolerance of the empire and dealt with rebellions in Egypt and Mesopotamia	33
5652461004	Alexander of Macedon	King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. Later known as Alexander the Great. (p. 136)	34