AP World History - UNIT 2: Rome Flashcards
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| 5065229124 | Where is Rome located? | on 7 hills 15 mi inland along Tiber River | 0 | |
| 5065242978 | Who were the three groups of early Italian people (who are later known as Romans)? | Etruscans, Latins, Greeks | 1 | |
| 5065335745 | What were the two major social divisions of Rome? | Patrician - someone with hereditary ties to Rome; wealthy and powerful; took up 7-10% of population Plebeian - no hereditary ties to Rome; no property; majority of population | 2 | |
| 5065354168 | What was the struggle of the orders? | 50 year struggle between Patrician and Plebeians; Plebeians fought to make laws public and form their own assembly | 3 | |
| 5065362212 | What were the Roman laws called? | 12 tables - tablets posted in the forum (marketplace) | 4 | |
| 5065246840 | What was the Roman concept of the Republic? | consisted of voters (adult male citizens) who elected officials to run the state | 5 | |
| 5065254358 | What did the Romans have that related to our legislative branch? | - Roman senate - 300 patrician members (relates to our senate) - popular assembly - plebeians who voted on laws (relates to our house of representatives) | 6 | |
| 5065254359 | What did the Romans have that related to our executive branch? | - 2 consuls who ruled over the land and served 1 year terms (this relates to our president who serves 4 year terms) - chief executives - commanded the army and directed the government; in times of crisis a dictator could be appointed for 6 months | 7 | |
| 5065254360 | What did the Romans have that related to our judicial branch? | - 8 praetors - judges who served 1 year terms by the assembly (relates to our supreme court) | 8 | |
| 5065309062 | What were the Roman military units called? | legions - largest army units of 4500-600 citizens legionnaire - member of legion centuries - smallest unit of roman army (100) centurion - commander of centuries | 9 | |
| 5065736467 | Why was the Roman military a central part of their culture? | the military was used for conquering nations to obtain resources (wealth) | 10 | |
| 5065328074 | What were the punic wars? | The Punic wars were three wars fought by the Romans and the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) | 11 | |
| 5065719469 | What was the root cause of the Punic wars? | fought over land, trade, and resources | 12 | |
| 5065750352 | What were the results of the punic wars? | Rome was victorious in all three battles | 13 | |
| 5065759524 | What did General Hannibal do? | led forces of Carthage in the 2nd Punic war against Rome | 14 | |
| 5065759525 | What is Scipio Africanus? | Hannibal's homeland that was defeated by Scipio at the Battle of Zama | 15 | |
| 5065919342 | What is the Battle of Zama? | last battle of the second Punic War; fought between Scipio and Hannibal's homeland | 16 | |
| 5065921554 | What is New Wisdom? | policy of brute force towards Rome's new enemies | 17 | |
| 5065938942 | What happened in the 3rd Punic war? | - Rome attacked Carthage after Carthage attacked Rome's African ally Numidia - Rome burned Carthage to the ground, sold its survivors into slavery, and sowed salt into the soil | 18 | |
| 5065964440 | What was the extent of Rome's expansion during the years of the Republic? | N. Africa, Spain, Gaul, Italy | 19 | |
| 5065970787 | What was 'bread and circuses'? | - used to please the poor class and distract them from engaging in political rebellion - Roman government gave the poor free food and entertainment | 20 | |
| 5065979018 | How significant was slavery? | 400,000/1,000,000 were slaves - took up 1/4 of labor force | 21 | |
| 5066110022 | When did Julius Caesar die/declare himself dictator? | 44 BCE | 22 | |
| 5066113911 | What was Caesar's source of power? | army | 23 | |
| 5066117993 | Which river did he cross to get to Germania (on a bridge built in 10 days)? | Rhine River | 24 | |
| 5066122086 | Who made up the first triumvirate? | Caesar, Pompey, Crassus | 25 | |
| 5066126452 | Why did Pompey order Caesar home? | - Caesar gained respect after taking command of Gaul's army - Pompey became jealous and ordered Caesar to disband his army and return home | 26 | |
| 5066144517 | Significance of Rubicon River? | - After Pompey ordered Caesar home, Caesar made the decision to seize Roman power as he crossed the Rubicon | 27 | |
| 5066157150 | What nations did Caesar take control of? | Italy, Spain, Greece | 28 | |
| 5066162304 | How did Caesar 'water down' the Senate? | - he increased the Senate to 900 and reduced its role to advisory (reducing its power) | 29 | |
| 5066168734 | How did Caesar die? What did his death spark? | - many senators conspired against him and on March 15, 44 BCE he was stabbed to death in the senate - sparked 13 years of civil war | 30 | |
| 5066181887 | Who was the heir to Caesar's throne? | Augustus/Octavian - Caesar's grand nephew | 31 | |
| 5066234844 | What was the 2nd triumvirate? | Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus | 32 | |
| 5066305890 | What was the conflict between Octavian and Marc Antony? | - Antony left his wife (Octavian's sister) for Cleopatra - Octavian persuaded Senate to declare war on Antony and Cleopatra by accusing them of plotting to rule Rome from Egypt - Octavian seized rule and the civil war ended | 33 | |
| 5066321318 | What did Octavian do as ruler? | - given title Augustus - 1st roman emperor - stabilized the frontier - civil service was set up for Plebeians - 13 year rule | 34 |