pre ap world history midterm Flashcards
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| 8642416089 | PALEOLITHIC AGE | 0 | ||
| 8642118378 | What was the time period of the Paleolithic Age/Old Stone Age? | 2.6 MYA-10,000 BCE (end of the Ice Age) | 1 | |
| 8642194433 | Period when early ____________ (men) use simple ________ tools to _________ large game animals. | hominids, stone, hunt | 2 | |
| 8642205590 | How did men live? | through a hunting and gathering existence | 3 | |
| 8642376402 | Due to _________ food (they had to _________ it), men lived in ________ groups. | limited, chase, small | 4 | |
| 8642390080 | Men and women had _____________ roles (men ___________, women ____________) | equally important, hunted, gathered | 5 | |
| 8642416093 | NEOLITHIC AGE | 6 | ||
| 8642406185 | This was a period of _____________- before written records. Most information comes from ___________ and ___________. | prehistory, archaeologists, artifacts | 7 | |
| 8642431842 | What was the time period of the Neolithic Revolution/New Stone Age? | 10,000 BCE-2,500 BCE | 8 | |
| 8642440581 | Different cultures learned _____________ at different times. | agriculture | 9 | |
| 8642459347 | Men lived an ____________, ____________ lifestyle and learned how to __________ animals, creating a steady, continuous food supply which could be __________. | agricultural, sedentary, domesticate, stored | 10 | |
| 8642482693 | Men and women's roles changed. Men ________ and women ________. | farmed, took care of the children at home (domestic) | 11 | |
| 8642499825 | The Neolithic Age was a major ____________ in mankind's history. More food led to a ______________ which led to ____________ settlements, ____________ and ______________. ______________ food could also be ____________ which was kept track of through early forms of ______________. | turning point, larger population, permanent, cities, and civilizations, surplus, traded, writing | 12 | |
| 8642520793 | CIVILIZATIONS | 13 | ||
| 8642524789 | Where did they begin to form and why? | near the major river valleys of the world where flooding would make fertile soil (silt) and make these areas ripe for civilizations and agriculture | 14 | |
| 8642552127 | What are some characteristics that all civilizations had in common? | -M ultiple cities -R eligion (polytheistic) -S pecialized job/social classes -O rganized government -L egal code/laws -A dvanced technology -S ystems of writing | 15 | |
| 8642572451 | Early societies were mainly (patriarchal or matriarchal), (monotheistic or polytheistic),(agricultural or nomadic), and had ___________ near the top of the social classes. | patriarchal, polytheistic, agricultural, priests | 16 | |
| 8642584984 | EGYPT | 17 | ||
| 8641952109 | Describe the religion. | -extremely religious society -based on polytheism, especially Ra the Sun God | 18 | |
| 8641971030 | When was Egypt first civilized? | when King Menes united upper and lower Egypt | 19 | |
| 8641995580 | Describe the Old Kingdom. | -strong centralized government -pharaoh had a vizier to help him -people believed pharaoh was a god (theocracy) -priests controlled | 20 | |
| 8641967290 | What impact did geography have on Egypt? | -cataracts in the Nile and deserts surrounding Egypt helped protect Egypt from invaders -people depended on Nile as food and water source -economy was farming and trade -Nile became a god (polytheism) giver of life | 21 | |
| 8642056062 | List the social rankings in society and politics from highest to lowest. | priests nobles artisans, scribes, merchants peasants | 22 | |
| 8642100932 | List some of the biggest Egyptian achievements. | pyramids, hieroglyphics, papyrus- paper making, irrigation, 365-day calendar, medicine, math, astronomy | 23 | |
| 8642589510 | MESOPOTAMIA | 24 | ||
| 8642597368 | What does Mesopotamia mean and what does it encompass? | "the land between two rivers", the Fertile Crescent | 25 | |
| 8642605985 | Who built the civilization and by doing what? | Sumerians- built cities and large step pyramids called Ziggurats | 26 | |
| 8642614792 | What were the Ziggurats used as? | political, religious, and social center | 27 | |
| 8642623243 | What geography impacted the environment and how? | Tigris and Euphrates River, economy was mostly farming and trade, organized into city states to protect from invaders- no natural borders | 28 | |
| 8642642827 | List the social rankings in society and politics from highest to lowest. | Priests and kinglike figures Upper class Merchants Peasants | 29 | |
| 8642661231 | What are the biggest achievements? Describe them. | Hammurabi's law code- strict Babylonian legal cod- first codified set of laws- differentiate between social classes, Cuneiform- world's first great form of writing (keeping trade records), literature- Epic of Gilgamesh, skilled builders- cities and temples- ziggurats, astronomers, base 60 (math) | 30 | |
| 8642706197 | As each civilization conquered the next, they _______ and ______ ideas from the previous ________ living there (early form of ____________) | adapted, adopted, culture, cultural diffusion | 31 | |
| 8642712733 | FERTILE CRESCENT | 32 | ||
| 8642723491 | What are the names of the groups that settled in the Fertile Crescent (chronologically). | Hittites, Assyrians, Persians, Phoenicians | 33 | |
| 8642731379 | What did the Hittites give us? | iron weapons | 34 | |
| 8642733958 | What did the Assyrians give us? | -first true -ruled through ruthlessness and cruelty | 35 | |
| 8642744886 | What did the Persians give us? | -postal system -roads -single currency -decentralized form of government- satraps (province governors) rule -tolerance towards other faiths | 36 | |
| 8642771384 | Phoenicians | -alphabet -sailors and traders -"carriers of civilization" | 37 | |
| 8642852012 | INDIA- INDUS VALLEY (SOUTH AMERICA) | 38 | ||
| 8642886414 | What are the names of the major groups that settled in India (chronologically). | Indus, Aryans, Mauryan, Gupta **I AM Gte | 39 | |
| 8642917650 | CHINA | 40 | ||
| 8642931670 | How does geography affect China? | mountains cause isolation, land by Yellow and Yangtze Rivers provided irrigation for soil and food | 41 | |
| 8642957339 | What did isolation lead to? | China being ethnocentric and considering themselves the "Middle Kingdom" | 42 | |
| 8642981775 | List the major Chinese dynasties chronologically. | Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han | 43 | |
| 8643001599 | Describe the Shang government. | warrior aristocracy (decapitated enemies), princes and nobles governed most of the land, noblewomen had importance | 44 | |
| 8643028883 | How did the Kings communicate with the gods? | through Oracle bones- wrote on tortoise shells | 45 | |
| 8643037122 | List the social rankings in society and politics from highest to lowest. | -Royal Family -Nobles -Artisans -Merchants | 46 | |
| 8643057266 | List some of the biggest Shang achievements. | pictograms, fortune-telling, ancestor worship, written language, terrace farming in mountainous areas | 47 | |
| 8643068225 | List some of the biggest Zhou achievements. | -regional type feudal system -Mandate of Heaven- Dynastic Circle (rulers lost Mandate if they were corrupt) | 48 | |
| 8643098533 | Describe the Qin government. | -led by Shi Huangdi -made a strong central government by conquering others -bureaucracy -abolished old feudal states and Confucianism -strict- harsh punishments- led by policy of Legalism | 49 | |
| 8643085991 | List some of the biggest Qin achievements. | -modernized army -built the Great Wall of China -promoted unity -standardized weights and measures -uniform writing -standard language | 50 | |
| 8643148348 | Describe the Han dynasty. | -Wudi was the emperor -revived Confucianism- family an education became important again in China -strong government- used bureaucracy | 51 | |
| 8643175715 | List some of the biggest Han achievements. | -technology- paper, bridges, rubber -astronomy- calendar -medicine- acupuncture -scientists- eclipses, chemistry, zoology, biology | 52 | |
| 8643162540 | What are the biggest overall Chinese achievements? | -postal service -taxes -roads, fortification, canals -expanded the borders -te | 53 | |
| 8643196022 | Civil Service Examination | only the most intelligent can work in the government | 54 | |
| 8643211854 | Silk Road | allowed China's most farmed product, silk, to be traded | 55 | |
| 8643202320 | Describe the collapse of China. | -emperors could not control powerful warlords -canals and roads collapsed -invaders | 56 | |
| 8643538415 | GREECE | 57 | ||
| 8643538416 | Who were the three main Greek philosophers? | socrates, plato, and aristotle | 58 | |
| 8643538417 | Socrates | -socratic method -his students learned by asking questions and critically examined everything -urged his people to question | 59 | |
| 8643538420 | Plato | -human reason -wrote "The Republic"- how to rule, guide for Democracy | 60 | |
| 8643538422 | Aristotle | -started schools of learning -teacher of Alexander the Great | 61 | |
| 8643538424 | Women | some were able to hold higher positions | 62 | |
| 8643538425 | Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars? | Athens and Sparta | 63 | |
| 8643538426 | Hellenistic Age | -started by Alexander the Great (Macedonian) -he conquered an enormous amount of land from Greece, through Egypt, through the middle east, all the way to India -he allowed for cultural diffusion to occur between all of his conquered areas | 64 | |
| 8643538429 | ROME | 65 | ||
| 8643538430 | Origins | -Etruscans (very loving men and women shown together) -Greeks, Latin's (Romulus and Remus) | 66 | |
| 8643538432 | Roman Republic | -500 yrs -Rome expanded circling the Mediterranean -the Republic used many elements of democracy from the Greeks (senate, assembly, etc.) | 67 | |
| 8643538435 | Punic Wars against Carthage | -Scipio and Hannibal (2nd war) -Rome wins all 3 wars | 68 | |
| 8643538438 | Roman Empire | -had an emperor -had a strong central government -the desert in the south and ocean in the west bounded them together | 69 | |
| 8643538441 | What were the 5 concepts that held the Roman Empire together? | -treatment of conquered people -citizenship for everyone -technology -**trade -law | 70 | |
| 8643538446 | How did the Roman Empire treat the conquered people? | with justice | 71 | |
| 8643538447 | How did giving citizenship to everyone hold the empire together? | it unified everyone and made all the citizens loyal | 72 | |
| 8643538449 | What did the Roman Empire have in technology? | -sewer system -Via Apia (first national highway) -Aqueducts- carried water from the mountains to the cities (arches) | 73 | |
| 8643538452 | How did trade hold the Roman Empire together? | Rome built the world's greatest network of roads- "All roads lead to Rome" | 74 | |
| 8643538454 | List some of the most important Roman laws. | -people were equal under law -innocent until proven guilty -decisions must be fair -Law of the Twelve Tables (laws of Rome were publicized because the Plebeians- lower class demanded that it be publicized by the Patricians- upper class) | 75 | |
| 8643538458 | Julius Caesar- achievements | -created jobs and public works -reorganized the government -** challenged the power of the Senate many times as he was killed ending the Republic period | 76 | |
| 8643538461 | Augustus Caesar- achievements | -first emperor -begins the Roman Empire period which is efficient, has civil service, and has a fair tax system -his 50+ year reign starts the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) or Golden Age | 77 | |
| 8643538464 | Women- achievements | -more rights (loving, dutiful, dignified, strong, dined out, attended theaters) | 78 | |
| 8643538465 | Art- achievements | - lifelike | 79 | |
| 8643538466 | Architecture- achievements | -arch -dome | 80 | |
| 8643538468 | Literature- achievements | -satires, plays | 81 | |
| 8643538469 | Law- achievements | -France's law's code was based on Rome's, as are many societies in the world today | 82 | |
| 8643538470 | Latin is on of the ___________ languages. | romance | 83 | |
| 8643538471 | What were math and science used for? | to create great structures, buildings, and cities | 84 | |
| 8643538474 | ISLAMIC SOCIETY | 85 | ||
| 8643538473 | When does fasting occur? | during Ramadan | 86 | |
| 8643538475 | Sharia | Islamic system of law | 87 | |
| 8643538476 | Women | -at first, considered equal -however, forced to adopt the veil custom and to live in certain areas | 88 | |
| 8643538478 | Polygamy | the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time | 89 | |
| 8643538479 | Jihad | holy war | 90 | |
| 8643538480 | Quran (Koran) | sacred word of God | 91 |