AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

8821009742	isolated	China was ____ from the rest of the world	0
8821009743	himalayas, gobi desert, and pacific ocean	What are some natural barriers of China	1
8821009744	Huange He (yellow river) and Yangtze	What are the two rivers of China	2
8821009745	2,920	How many miles long is the yellow river	3
8821009746	Loess	In the yellow river, ____ is depostied from blowing winds (this is what makes it yellow)	4
8821009747	millet and wheat	what crops were grown in northern China	5
8821009748	rice	What crop was grown in the Yangtze river valley	6
8821009749	riding horses and pottery making	Chinese people skilled at....	7
8821009750	2000 BCE	By.... the chinese had an advanced technology and intellecutal life	8
8821009751	bronze and iron and coal	What metals/stones did the Chinese use?	9
8821009752	1000 BCE	When did the Chinese learn to use bronze and iron	10
8821009753	ideographic symbols	the Chinese wrote in....	11
8821009754	astronomy, art, and music	The Chinese excelled in...	12
8821009755	Zia	first dynasty EVER!!!!	13
8821009756	2200 BCE	When did the Zia dynasty begin	14
8821009757	monarchy	what kind of government did the Zia have	15
8821009758	Sage-king "Yu"	founder of Zia, organized effective flood conrol projects	16
8821009759	founding of and development of cities	No records survive from Zia history, but it is believed that the dynasty encouraged the...	17
8821009760	Shang Di	strong shang king	18
8821009761	fertility	The Shang dynasty had ceremonies and dances that promoted....	19
8821009762	Shang	First dynasty with records	20
8821009763	1799-1122 BCE	What were the dates of the Shang Dynasty	21
8821009764	bronze weapons	nomads in shang dynasty fought on horseback from chariots with ...........	22
8821009765	Anyang	The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty.	23
8821009766	Large bureaucracy	What type of government did the Shangs have?	24
8821009767	local rulers	In Shang Dynasty, peasants and artisans were governed by....	25
8821009768	feudalism	The Shang government most closely resembled the European..... during the middle ages	26
8821009769	Silk	China had the monopoly on this	27
8821009770	bronze vessels	these were ornately cared and used to make offerings in Shang history	28
8821009771	shang Di	Who is the "main god" of Shang Dynasty	29
8821009772	oracles	priests served as _____ who would prophesy the future in Shang Dynasty	30
8821009773	bones and turtle shells	Shang wrote on	31
8821009774	family	Central to all chinese society	32
8821009775	patriarchal	Shang was a highly ____ society.	33
8821009776	Elderly males	head of chinese family	34
8821009777	Zhou	used the mandate of heaven for the first time	35
8821009778	1122-256 BCE	What were the dates of the Zhou Dynasty	36
8821009779	Mandate of Heaven	The Zhou used this to justify their rule	37
8821009780	Period of Waring States	Late centuries of the Zhou is called...	38
8821009781	403-221 BCE	What were the dates of the "Period of Warring states"	39
8821009782	Philosophies	What emerged during the Period of Warring states	40
8821009783	Mandate of heaven	justification for rule that influenced government and political legitimacy. Heavenly power granted the right to an individual to rule as the "son of heaven"	41
8821009784	withdraw the mandate	If the ruler failed under the mandate the heavenly powers would...	42
8821009785	Confucianism	Chinese religion with beliefs of social harmony from the proper order of human relationships	43
8821009786	Analects	Confucious sayings are compiled into _____	44
8821009787	political life	Confucious withdrew from _____ after unsuccessful efforts to find employment as an official and advisor to rulers	45
8821009788	Filial piety/Xiao	required of children that requires them show obedience, reverence, and love	46
8821009789	Ren	an attitude of kindness and benevolence	47
8821009790	Li	individuals have a sense of propriety	48
8821009791	society	One of confucius' goals was that individuals who possessed the traits would gain influence in ______	49
8821009792	junzi	superior individuals	50
8821009793	Mencius	Influenced by Confucius, popularized Confucian ideas, Emphasized sen by advocating benevolence and humanity government	51
8821009794	shown	mencius believed that if people are _____ the right way by virtuous rulers, they would do the right thing	52
8821009795	harmony	Under Mencius, he believed that rulers would levy light taxes, avoid ears, support education, and encourage ________	53
8821009796	Xunzi	Emphasized Li, less rosy picture of human nature, believed people had to be compelled to make appropriate choices, advocated for a well publicized standard of conduct with limits and harsh social discipline	54
8821009797	Legalism	Xunzi's beliefs lead to the development of....	55
8821009798	298-238 BCE	What were the dates of Xunzi	56
8821009799	372-289 BCE	What were the dates of Mencius	57
8821009800	Daoism	religion devoted to reflection and introspection, in hopes of understanding natural principles that govern the world	58
8821009801	The sage Laozi	Who is the founder of Daoism	59
8821009802	6th century BCE	When was Daoism founded	60
8821009803	Classic of the Way of Virtue	Foundational text of Daoism created by Laozi	61
8821009804	Dao	"The way of nature" or "the cosmos"	62
8821009805	passive	The Dao is an extremely _____ force	63
8821009806	Wuwei	Moral trait that individuals should refrain and disengage in the affairs of the world. Belief that people should live simply, unpretentiously, and in harmony with nature	64
8821009807	Legalism	government that devotes all attention to the state, which they sought to strengthen and expand at all costs	65
8821009808	Shang yang	Who was the first person to practice Legalism (390-338 BCE)	66
8821009809	Han Feizi	Established a theory of Legalism (280-233 BCE)	67
8821009810	Han Feizi	Student of Xunzi and advisor to the Qin	68
8821009811	agriculture and armed forces	The foundation of a state's strength were ____ under legalism	69
8821009812	merchants, entrepreneurs, scholars, educators, poets, philosophers	Legalist governments discouraged ________ because they did not advance the state	70
8821009813	Legalist Doctrine	strict laws with clear expectations and severe punishments	71
8821009814	Qin Shi Huangdi	By 221 BCE ______ emerges as the triumphant conqueror of the 6 coexisting kingdoms	72
8821009815	emperor	Qin Shi Huangdi was China's self-proclaimed first ___________	73
8821009816	221-207 BCE	What were the dates of the Qin Dynasty	74
8821009817	14	How many years did the Qin dynasty last	75
8821009818	Legalist	The Qin dynasty was governed by ______ principles	76
8821009819	bureaucracy	She Huangdi ruled by a centralized ________	77
8821009820	provinces	Shi Huangdi divided the empire into ____	78
8821009821	Great Wall	Shi Huangdi was the mastermind behind what construction project	79
8821009822	standardized currencies, weights, and measures, built roads and bridges, encouraged commerce and military, and mandated the use of common script	What are good things about Shi Huangdi	80
8821009823	460	Shi Huangdi ordered the execution of ____ scholars who critized the regime	81
8821009824	philosophy, ethics, history, and literature	Qin Shi Huangdi ordered the burning of what kind of books?	82
8821009825	medicine, fortune telling, and agriculture	Qin Shi Huangdi kept which types of books?	83
8821009826	210 BCE	When did Shi Huangdi die?	84
8821009827	700,000	how many laborers were drafted to build Shi Huangdi's tomb?	85
8821009828	Terra Cotta	a life size model of an infantryman	86
8821009829	Liu Bang	In 202 BCE a ruler who's name is _____ prevailed and inaugurated a new dynasty called the HAn	87
8821009830	Han	longest dynasty in Chinese history (400 years)	88
8821009831	Sima Qian	lived during the Han dynasty, regarded as the Chinese "father of history", castrated for defending a disgraced general	89
8821009832	Eunuch	Term for castrated individual	90
8821009833	Sima Qian	created organization framework that became standard	91
8821009834	compare and interpret the difference	Sima Qian wrote the same event narrated in more than one section, inviting readiness to _____	92
8821009835	Han	adopted confucianism as the official ideology of the imperial system	93
8821009836	1,000s of intelligent, educated individuals to run bureaucracy	Confucian educational system emerged from the need to recruit....	94
8821009837	Chang'an	Confucian university is located in....	95
8821009838	30,000	by the end of the Han dynasty the school in Chang'an had how many students	96
8821009839	Merchants	What social class was at the bottom of the Chinese ladder	97
8821009840	Scholar gentry "Shi"	educated, privileged group who were prepared for governmental service	98
8821009841	exams	Chinese government jobs depended on the performance on _____	99
8821009842	Merchants	devoted to moneymaking instead of learning and political service	100
8821009843	"Mean" people	anyone who lacked skills or direct production of goods, meaningless, actors, artists, poets...	101
8821009844	location	Women's status depended on her "___" within society	102
8821009845	wife	In Chinese society, Mother's in law had authority over their son's _____.	103
8821009846	Lessons for Women	1st CE book, instructs daughters to conform to traditional expectations	104
8821009847	Watermill, horse collar, roads and canals, seismometer, crossbow, rudder	What is new technology from the Han dynasty? (7)	105
8821009848	Agriculture, art, military	What are uses of Iron	106
8821009849	Iron	Under the Han dynasty, ____ production rapidly grows	107
8821009850	3000 BCE	when are the origins of silk production	108
8821009851	mulberry leaves	Chinese silk producers fed their silkworms on finely chopped ________	109
8821009852	100 CE	When was paper invented	110
8821009853	hemp and textile fibers	What was woven together to make paper	111
8821009854	paper	became the preferred medium to write on	112
8821009855	20 milllion	How many people were there in 220 BCE (beginning of Han)	113
8821009856	60 million	How many people were there in 9 CE (end of Han)	114
8821009857	economic difficulties, problems of land distribution, Social tensions	What were the 3 causes of the Han's fall	115
8821009858	economic difficulties	Military adventures of emperors caused severe economic stress	116
8821009859	Problems of land distribution	poor harvests, high taxes, debt, owners of large estates increase in size	117
8821009860	Wang Dang	"socialist emperor". limited the amoung of land families coud own	118
8821009861	social tensions	great distinctions between the rich and the poor	119
8821009862	silk	What did the wealthy chinese wear	120
8821009863	jade plaques sewn with gold threads	The upper class was buried in suits of ......	121
8821009864	Yellow Turban Rebellion	serious revolt that tested the Han in late 2nd century CE. Named after headgear	122
8821009865	influence	At the end of the Han dynasty, imperial family members, confucian scholar bureaucrats, and court eunuchs all seek to increase their.....	123
8821009866	220 CE	When did the Han officially fall	124
8821009867	several large regional kingdoms	for the next four centuries after the fall of the han china remained divided into	125
8821009868	south asia	The indian subcontinent is known as...	126
8821009869	Harappans	Who were the earliest settlers in India	127
8821009870	Aryans	Dravidian and indo european peoples who are intermarried, they interacted and laid foundations of society	128
8821009871	aryans	light skinned, indo european language speakers, pastoralists	129
8821009872	sheep and goats	What animals did the aryans have	130
8821009873	horses	were expensive because they were rare, were harnessed to carts, wagons, and chariots	131
8821009874	cattle	principal measure of wealth in india	132
8821009875	1500-500 BCE	what were the dates of the VEdic age	133
8821009876	vedic age	shows early aryan society, had no writing orginally,	134
8821009877	religious and literary works	These works were transmitted orally in Sanskrit during vedic age	135
8821009878	Vedas	the collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods. means wisdom or knowledge	136
8821009879	Rig Veda	most important veda	137
8821009880	Rig Veda	1028 hymns to the gods, earliest and most important veda	138
8821009881	Varnas	the caste system	139
8821009882	Jati	birth group, subsection of castes	140
8821009883	Brahmins	rituals and sacrifices ensoure proper functioning of the world, tribal medicine men and sorcerers will find a place here	141
8821009884	Kshatriyas	warrirors and rulers protect and govern society	142
8821009885	Vaisya	commoners that cultivated the land, business clas class or merchants become dominant	143
8821009886	Pure Aryans	Top three classes in Indian caste system are regarded as...	144
8821009887	"twice born"	people are cllaed this because they experienced physical birth and born into status as people of aryan descent	145
8821009888	sudras	servants tot he top castes, not allowed to hear or take part in aryan rituals, little value	146
8821009889	Harijans/untouchables	outside of the varna system, most unclean and polluting jobs	147
8821009890	Lawbook of Manu	book that dealt with proper moral and social behavior	148
8821009891	bear children and maintain home	What are indian women most important job	149
8821009892	Sati	womens dependence on men, a widow must voluntarily throw herself onto the funeral pyre of her deceased husband to join him in death	150
8821009893	Indra	aryan war god, rain, and water; most important god	151
8821009894	Brahmins	In aryan religions, the role of ____ are important	152
8821009895	soma	hallucinogen drug	153
8821009896	800-400 BCE	When were the Upanishads composed	154
8821009897	Upanishads	dialogues from sages to students, emphasized high ethical standards, discouraged greed, envy, gluttony. advocated honesty, self-control, charity, mercy, integrity, and respect to all living things	155
8821009898	Braman	the universal soul	156
8821009899	samsara	reincarnation	157
8821009900	karma	the good/bad deeds that follow to the next life	158
8821009901	moksha	deep dreamless sleep that came from permanent liberation from physical incarnations and become one with brahman	159
8821009902	Brahma	creator god	160
8821009903	Buddhism	religion that emphasized abandoning material goods and living simply	161
8821009904	siddhartha guatama	Who founded buddhism	162
8821009905	49	how many days of meditation did it take SG to reach enlightenment	163
8821009906	The Dharma	Buddhist Doctrine is called the	164
8821009907	Four noble truths, and eightfold path	What was SGs way to enlightenment	165
8821009908	suffering	Noble truth: all life is _____	166
8821009909	end	Noble truth: There is an ____ to suffering	167
8821009910	desire	Noble truth: Removing ______ removes suffering	168
8821009911	eightfold path	Noble truth: Ending suffering may be done through the ________	169
8821009912	less dependence, no caste, moderate consumption, vernacular	What are the appeals of mahayana buddhism	170
8821009913	Stupas	shrines housing relics of the buddha and his 1st disciples that pilgrims venerated	171
8821009914	Monastteries	served as social, economic, and cultural influence for buddhism	172
8821009915	Asoka	supported Buddhism	173
8821009916	Bodhisattavas	men and women who achieved enlightenment and were on threshold of nirvana, but chose to be reborn in order to help others	174
8821009917	Charitable donations	What was regarded as "pious activity" under Manayana buddhism?	175
8821009918	Mahayana Buddhism	"Greater vehicle", newer buddhism	176
8821009919	Buddha and Bodhisttvas	Focus of worship in on the _______ and _______ under Mahayana Buddhism	177
8821009920	Wealthy Class	who did mahayana buddhism attract	178
8821009921	Theravada buddhism	Strict buddhism, give up all material objects	179
8821009922	Mahavira	Who is the founder of Jainism	180
8821009923	540-468 BCE	What was the life span of Mahavira	181
8821009924	Soul	Janiests believe that everything in the universe has a ______.	182
8821009925	Principe of Ahimsa	nonviolence to other living things or souls (influenced Gandhi, MLK Jr)	183
8821009926	Lower class (merchants and scholars)	Who did Jainism appeal to?	184
8821009927	Brahma	creator of the universe	185
8821009928	Vishnu	preserver of the universe	186
8821009929	Shiva	The destroyer	187
8821009930	Ganesha	dictation wisdom, wealth, remover of obstacles	188
8821009931	Vishnu	restores the balance of good and evil	189
8821009932	Ganesha	half man/elephant	190
8821009933	knowledge, mental and physical discipline (yoga), or deep devotion	What are 3 different forms of hindu worship	191
8821009934	Attendance to festivals	Shows more devotion in hindu culture	192
8821009935	Ganges river	sacred indian river	193
8821009936	Hindu Swastika	symbol that means good fortune, luck or well being	194
8821009937	Nazi Swastika	aryan symbol indicating racial purity and superiority	195
8821009938	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty	196
8821009939	war bt cousins in aryan society for control of the kingdom	What was the Mahabharta story about	197
8821009940	106,000	How many verses are in the Mahabarata	198
8821009941	Bhagavad Gita	What is the most important part of the Mahabharta	199
8821009942	dialogue bt Arjuna and Krishna on one's duty of fate and spirit	What was the Bhagavad Giva about	200
8821009943	Ramayana	illustrates the Hindu value; epic talk tracking the adventures of king Rama and his wife sita	201
8821009944	settled agricultural society and better organized political unit	What does the Ramayana reflect more of...	202
8821009945	324-184 BCE	what was the time span of the Mauryan empire	203
8821009946	Mauryan and Gupta empire	What were the two empires where political unity was achieved	204
8821009947	Mauryan Empire	more extensive of the two lasting empires in india	205
8821009948	Chandragupta Mauray	Laid the foundation of the Mauryan Empire	206
8821009949	Magadhi, Bactria	What two regions did Chandragupa overthrow	207
8821009950	Maurya empire	India's 1st centralized empire	208
8821009951	Arthshastra	Chandragupta's government was guided by the political handbook called the _____.	209
8821009952	Bureaucratic	Maurayans built a _____ administartive system like China	210
8821009953	Kalinga	In Asoka's conquest to _____, 1,000s were killed, woulded or deported	211
8821009954	"Peace to all beings"	Asoka ruled by Buddha's teachings, "_____"	212
8821009955	roads	Asoka built extensive ____ to make travel and communication easier	213
8821009956	great rocks and pilished pillars	Asoka publicized his policies on ______	214
8821009957	Economic crisis	follows the death of asoka	215
8821009958	Gupta empire	modeled agter mauryan empire but smaller	216
8821009959	Chandra Gupta	founder of Gupta empire	217
8821009960	600 BCE-600 CE	Time span of the classical age	218
8821009961	currencies	A cause of the fall of the Mauryan empire was frequent devalutations of _____ to play salaries	219
8821009962	185 BCE	When does the Mauryan empire disappear	220
8821009963	500 years	How many years passed before another indigenous state has control over northern India	221
8821009964	Cotton, Black pepper, pearls, gems	What did India trade	222
8821009965	guild of merchants and artisans	Became politically powerful in absence of a strong central government	223
8821009966	Rome	Where did the Indian empires export to?	224
8821009967	Gupta empire	modeled after the mauryan but smaller	225
8821009968	Decentralized	The gupta empire had a highly ______ leadership	226
8821009969	Standing army	how did the gupta empire keep control	227
8821009970	Governors	Control outlying areas	228
8821009971	White Huns	frequent invasions from what group caused the decline of the Gupta empire	229
8821009972	16th century	When do you see much of the indian empire unite	230
8821009973	Mughal Empire	What 16th century empire united India.	231
8821009974	sati	a practice in india where the woman threw herself into her husband's wedding pyre	232