AP World History Period 3 Flashcards
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| 8594172898 | Silk Roads | One of the world's most extensive and sustained networks; land based, used for 2,000 years | 0 | |
| 8594172899 | Spread of Buddhism | By merchants along the Silk Roads; Quikly took hold in Central Asia | 1 | |
| 8594174193 | Sea Roads | exchange across Indian Ocean, transportation cost less, operated according to patterns of the wind | 2 | |
| 8594174194 | Sand Roads | exchange across the Sahara, early long-distance trade, used donkeys first and then used camels for transportation | 3 | |
| 8601867872 | caravans | up to 5,000 camels, hundreds of people, traveled mostly at night to avoid to heat, 15-25 miles per day, took up to 70 days |  | 4 |
| 8601892311 | Ibn Battuta | widely traveled Arab scholar, merchant, and public official, known for recording his journeys | 5 | |
| 8601912449 | West Africa | Western and central Sudan; taxed merchants involved in trans-Saharan trade; GENDER ROLES: rulers, merchants, public officials were almost always MALES, powerful WOMEN were viewed as dangerous | 6 | |
| 8601979210 | Chinese "Golden Age" | China regains unity Sui Dynasty (589-618), two dynasties: Tang and Song, advancements in art, literature, and technology (first printed books, gunpowder), China is richest and most populous in world, most commercialized society | 7 | |
| 8602024388 | Tang Dynasty | (618-907) Neo-Confucianism, state structure, revised Civil Service Exam, golden age of art and literature, women had greater freedom in social lives, "best ordered state in the world" | 8 | |
| 8602045551 | Song Dynasty | (960-1279) Neo-Confucianism, state structure, revised Civil Service Exam, golden age of art and literature, FOOTBINDING, increase in scholarship | 9 | |
| 8602067154 | Sui Dynasty | (589-618) extension of canal system, major engineering feat, linked northern and southern China, brutal military and emperors | 10 | |
| 8602092848 | Chinese Bureaucracy | state structure, censorate: agency that surveilled over the rest of the government, 6 major ministries | 11 | |
| 8602176758 | Printing Press | a major innovation, made books widely available in 1000 CE, woodblock and movable type | 12 | |
| 8602191807 | Foot binding | tightly wrapping young girls feet to emphasize beauty increased women's prospects for marriage |  | 13 |
| 8602338938 | Tribute System | required non-Chinese authorities to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own inferiority in the Chinese-centered world order | 14 | |
| 8602359548 | The Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society. | 15 | |
| 8602399428 | Islam | rapid spread in 7th century, largest and most influential 3rd wave civilization, takes up 23% of population, 5 pillars... etc | 16 | |
| 8602423190 | Muhummad | (570-632 CE) "Messenger of God", born in Mecca, had 6 children, parent died at young age, Allah's MESSENGER to the Arabs, retreats to mountains to meditate and becomes religiously enlightened | 17 | |
| 8602447171 | Medina | where a new community took place, Muhummad declared his independence from Judaism | 18 | |
| 8602471463 | Mecca | NOT along major trade routes, destination for many pilgrims, Quraysh was dominant tribe, site of KAABA | 19 | |
| 8602502809 | Quran | sacred scripture of Islam, radically monotheistic, 5 pillars: 1. no God but God 2. ritual prayer 5 times per day 3. almsgiving: donate to poor 4. month of fasting during Ramadan 5. Haij: pilgrimage to Mecca (Kaaba) | 20 | |
| 8602532547 | Monotheism | belief in one God only | 21 | |
| 8602534778 | Polytheism | belief in many Gods | 22 | |
| 8609399019 | Allah | monotheistic God of Islam, primary obligation | 23 | |
| 8609409124 | Sharia | an Islamic law that regulated every aspect of life, "a path to water" | 24 | |
| 8609415572 | Sunni&Shia | deep rift created from disagreement over caliphs -caliphs were rightful were rightful political and military leaders, selected by Islamic Community -Islamic leadership should derive from line of Ali and his son, Husayn, blood relative of Muhummad | 25 | |
| 8609430742 | Arab Empire | encompassed large area, faith spread inside and outside empire, created few years after Muhammad's death, defeated Sassanid Empire in 644, Muslim religion | 26 | |
| 8620805639 | Caliph | successor to Muhammad, political leader or the umma | 27 | |
| 8620814897 | Umayyad family | (r. 661-750) dynasty where the empire expanded caliphs became hereditary rulers, capital was moved from Medina to Damascus, ruling class was the military aristocracy, replaced by Abassids | 28 | |
| 8620846300 | Sufis | represented Islams spiritual dimension, sought direct experience with the Divine | 29 | |
| 8620863674 | Turks | third major carrier of Islam, after Arabs and Persians | 30 | |
| 8620891977 | Ottoman Empire | 31 | ||
| 8620917484 | Anatolia | Modern Turkey, governed by Byzantine Empire, heartland of powerful Turkish-Ottoman Empire, laid foundation for Ottoman Empire, population was largely Christian and Greek speaking | 32 | |
| 8620942133 | Timbuktu | a West African city, had over 150 lower-level Quranic schools and several major centers for higher level education | 33 | |
| 8620952914 | Cordoba/Spain | called al-Andulas by Muslims, increase in astronomy, arts, medicine; experienced religious reversal from Christianity | 34 | |
| 8620952915 | Abbasid Empire | As Islam grew and flourished, restrictions on women tightened, "honor killings" TIGHTENING PATRIARCHY | 35 | |
| 8620956702 | Byzantine Empire | No clear starting point, continuation of Roman Empire, tries to achieve size of Roman Empire but failed, "EAST", Greek, major players in long distance trade networks | 36 | |
| 8620956703 | Constantinople | "New Rome", fell to Turkic Ottoman Empire, named after Constantine | 37 | |
| 8620957909 | Justinian | (R. 527-565) tried to reclaim Mediterranean basin, lost land to expansion of Islam | 38 | |
| 8620959527 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | 39 | ||
| 8620959528 | Roman Catholicism | followed model of Roman Empire, took over political, admin., edu., and welfare functions, used Latin and Greek languages in education and church, missionaries used top-down approach to convert pagans, church authorities and political authorities enforced eachother | 40 | |
| 8620961529 | Kievan Rus | city-state named after prominent city, Kiev (9th century) | 41 | |
| 8620964373 | Charlemagne | (r. 768-814) ruler of Carolingian Empire, has Pope crown him emperor in 800 on Christmas Day Mass | 42 | |
| 8601848600 | Sahara | traveled across for long distance trade, transformed from barrier to commerce to major international trade route | 43 | |
| 8622136211 | Holy Roman Empire | Charlemagne was crowned Roman emperor of this empire, not a true empire | 44 | |
| 8622136212 | Icons | 45 | ||
| 8622136213 | Crusades | HOLY WARS, wars undertaken at God's command authorized by the Pope, participants swore an oth to serve, rewarded with repayment of debts and free ride to heaven | 46 | |
| 8622137773 | Feudalism | ties between superior and subordinates | 47 | |
| 8622137774 | Middle Ages | (1000-1300CE) time of expansion and growth within European civilization, population growth, land clearing, stimulated trade, new lands open for cultivation | 48 | |
| 8622137775 | Mongols/Mongol Empire | broke out from Mongolia, largest land-based empire, defeated subordinate people, largely ruled by Genghis Khan, religiously tolerant | 49 | |
| 8622138697 | Genghis Khan | led bloody conquests, unified Mongolian people, religiously tolerant | 50 | |
| 8622138698 | Kublai Khan | Genghis Khan's grandson, led conquests for Mongol Empire (r.1271-1294) | 51 | |
| 8622140011 | Sack of Baghdad | (1258) Mongol invasion on Baghdad, ended Abbasid caliphate, massacred over 200,000 people | 52 | |
| 8622265076 | the Plague | an Afro-Eurasian Pandemic, originated in China, spread by trade routes of Mongol Empire in 1300s, transmitted by fleas of RATS, dropped population by 50%-90%, led to labor shortages | 53 | |
| 8622281827 | Igbo | West Africa, heavily forested region, dense population, stateless society - Things Fall Apart (Chinua Achebe), extensive trade networks - cotton cloth, fish, copper... | 54 | |
| 8622301095 | Iriquois | present central New York State, fully agricultural (womens' work), Great Law of Peace-loose confederation between 5 tribes, GENDER EQUALITY | 55 | |
| 8622516624 | Ming Dynasty China | (1368-1644) China recovered after being disrupted by Mongols, reverts back to Chinese ways and gets rid of all Mongol traces, reestablished Civil Service Exam, largest Maritime expeditions to date | 56 | |
| 8622518366 | Emperor Yongle | (r. 1402-1422) sponsored 11,000 volume Encyclopedia, relocated capital to Beijing | 57 | |
| 8622518367 | Zheng He | Muslim eunuch, captained Maritime Expeditions | 58 | |
| 8622520239 | Forbidden City | magnificant imperial residence | 59 | |
| 8622520240 | Temple of Heaven | rulers performed Confucian-based rituals to ensure well-being of Chinese society | 60 | |
| 8622521699 | Renaissance | renewal of Confucianism in China, translates to "rebirth", started in Italian city-states in 1350-1500, many become patrons- people who pay to support the arts, focus on Induvidualism | 61 | |
| 8622523037 | Artists during Renaissance | Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael, naturalistic portrayal of the human body, influenced by Islamic standards | 62 | |
| 8622526736 | Machiavelli & the Prince | book about politics in Italy, based on competitiveness rather than ethics and religion | 63 | |
| 8622608863 | Maritime Voyaging in China | size: large, motivation: felt no need for conversion of foreigners, didn't need things from other regions, little interest in conquest/colonies, outcome: voyages ended abruptly | 64 | |
| 8622612452 | Maritime Voyages in Europe | size: small, seeked wealth in Asia and Africa, motivation: Christian converts and allies, outcome: escalated, violent conquests | 65 | |
| 8622636781 | Columbus | voyaged across Atlantic into the Americas funded by Spain (1492) | 66 | |
| 8622640614 | De Gama | voyaged around the tip of South Africa, along East Africa Coast, across Indian Ocean to Southern India (1497) | 67 | |
| 8622645764 | Ottoman Empire (2nd version) | lasted frim 14th-20th century, created by Turkic warrior groups, one of greatest empire in history bc huge territory, long duration, etc., seized Constantinople (1453) | 68 | |
| 8622656790 | Safavid Empire | east of Ottoman Empire, 15-16 century, Turkic, emerged from Sufi, state religion was Shia Islam, military conflict with Ottoman Empire | 69 | |
| 8622668331 | Aztec Empire | located in Mesoamerica, semi-nomadic, capital:Tenochtitlan, population of 5-6 million, loosely structured and unstable, local and long distance trade, practiced human sacrifice, military alliance called Triple Alliance | 70 | |
| 8622691439 | Human sacrifice | central belief of Aztec life, used this method to kill slaves, "God shed his blood to create humans, so humans had to repay them with their own blood" | 71 | |
| 8622732371 | Tenochtitlan | capital of Aztec Empire, population of 150,000-200,000; canals, causeways, bridges; commercialized economy, floating gardens here | 72 | |
| 8622743133 | Inca Empire | much larger than Aztec Empire, bureaucractic empire, practiced GENDER PARALLELISM, kept records on quipus, large network of economic relationship | 73 | |
| 8622771185 | Mita | mandatory public service that was done as a tribute to the Incan government | 74 |