AP World History Spodek Ch. 5 Flashcards

7242529663	Hoplites	citizen-soldiers in Ancient Greek city-states; armed with spears and shields in a close formation	0
7242529664	Socrates	classical Greek philosopher; taught Plato	1
7242529665	Nubia	prosperous empire along the Nile: both conquered and was conquered by Egypt	2
7242529666	Mycenae	archaeological site in Greece; had a trade relationship with Crete (which it dominated); rich kings; used Linear B	3
7242529667	Hellenistic	after Alexander the Great's conquests	4
7242529668	Hellenic	before Alexander the Great's conquests; more isolated and dominated by ethnic Greeks	5
7242529669	Agora	civic and market center	6
7242529670	Acropolis	citadel on a hill; has shrines (like the Parthenon)	7
7242529671	Sargon of Akkad	created Akkadian Empire; started to conquer Sumer	8
7242529672	Sparta	Greek city-state; very war-like and militaristic; defeated Athens in Peloponnesian War	9
7242529673	Hegemony	accepted rule; people like the benefits	10
7242529674	Dominance	forced rule; often uses military might	11
7242529675	Neo-Assyrian Empire	in Mesopotamia; practiced forced migration; Ashurbanipal; library at Nineveh	12
7242529676	Persian Empire	Indo-Europeans; fought Greek city-states; Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius	13
7242529677	Persepolis	one of four capitals built by Darius; very extravagant palaces and pillars; destroyed by the Greeks	14
7242529678	Iliad and Odyssey	epics written by Homer	15
7242529679	Herodotus	historian; wrote The Persian Wars	16
7242529680	Direct democracy	people decide on policies directly	17
7242529681	Peloponnesian War	Athens vs Sparta (victor with Persian help)	18
7242529682	Plato	taught Aristotle; taught by Socrates; ideal state had a good philosopher-king; founded Academy in Athens	19
7242529683	Aristotle	tutor to Alexander; father of logic; taught by Plato	20
7242529684	Macedonia	north of Greece; rougher; spoke Greek; Philip II and son Alexander	21
7242529685	Alexander the Great	created huge empire in 13 years; died at 33; sometimes brutal, sometimes merciful; generally disliked	22
7242529686	The Persian Wars	written by Herodotus, who was very biased; talks about the conflict between Greece and Persia	23
7242529687	Battle of Thermopylae	Xerxes tried to invade Athens; lost badly in a naval battle	24
7242529688	Battle of Marathon	Greeks won against Persians because they had the home court advantage	25
7242529689	Cyrus the Great	merciful; expanded empire a lot; respected customs and religions of those he conquered; won favor with the Jewish; succeeded by son Cambyses II	26
7242529690	Darius I	built four capital cities; very rich; worshiped Zoroaster; similar policies to Cyrus; written script, roads, satrapies, irrigation and commerce during his time	27
7242529691	Polis	Greek city-state	28
7242529692	Minoans	people of Crete, an island kingdom with prosperous trade; relationship with Mycenae; Linear A and Linear B	29
7242529693	Olympic Games	held every four years; basically a sports festival	30
7242529694	Trireme	war ship with three sets of oars	31
7242529695	Athena	patron goddess of Athens; goddess of wisdom and war; Parthenon dedicated to her	32
7242529696	Phallocracy	society dominated by men where the male sex is considered superior	33
7242529697	Alexandria, Egypt	established by Alexander the Great; had a huge library	34
7242529698	Achaemenid Empire	First Persian Empire; founded by Cyrus the Great	35