AP Human Geography, Industry Flashcards

9650353981	Agglomeration	A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.	0
9650353982	Break of Bulk point	A location where goods are transferred from one mode of transportation to another.	1
9650353983	Bulk reducing industries	An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.	2
9650353984	Bulk gaining industries	Industries whose products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts. Such industries tend to have production facilities close to their markets.	3
9650353985	Cottage Industry	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.	4
9650353989	Deindustrialization	process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment	5
9650353991	Friction of distance	The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance	6
9650353992	Footloose industry	These industries often have spatially fixed costs, which means that the costs of the products do not change despite where the product is assembled.	7
9650353993	Industrial Revolution	A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.	8
9650353994	Fordist production	An efficient manner of production, pioneered by Henry Ford, in which all employees, regardless of status, were treated equally, employees performed menial, repetitive jobs for higher wages, and products were highly homogenized.	9
9650353995	Labor Intensive Industry	An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.	10
9650353997	New international division of labor	Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.	11
9650353998	Outsorcing	removes work from one company and sends it to another company- so the work can be completed at a lower cost	12
9650353999	Post Fordist production	production processes in which components of goods are made in different places around the globe and then brought together as needed to assemble the final product, flexible production	13
9650354001	Post industrial societies	a society based on information, services and high technology, rather than raw materials and manufacturing	14
9650354002	Newly industrializing country	countries in the transition stage between developing and developed countries, typically have rapidly growing economies.	15
9650354012	Weber, Alfred	German geographer who was a major theorists of industrial location. He devised a model of how to understand industrial locations in regard to several factors, including labor supply, markets, resource location, and transportation.	16
9650444062	containerization	a new efficient way to ship goods, lowered transportation costs	17
9650462979	economies of scale	generating a greater profit by producing larger quantities of goods in high demand, which in return decreased the average cost of producing the good.	18
9650475921	location criteria	sites needed to be close to resources and connected by ports by water	19
9650486573	hinterland	an area from which goods can be produced, delivered to the port, and then exported. ie: Rotterdam is the port and the area around the Rhine would be the...	20
9650499748	secondary hearths	NE US, Russia, Ukraine,and East Asia	21
9650512725	vertical integration	common during Fordist period, owning many steps of the production process	22
9650526582	distance decay	suggests that manufacturing plants should be more concerned with serving the markets of nearby places than more distant places	23
9650550471	flexible production	firms can pick and choose among a multitude of suppliers and production strategies all over the world	24
9650563338	Just in time delivery	rather than keeping a large inventory of components or products, companies keep just what they need for short-term production and new parts will ship quickly when needed	25
9650577705	intermodal connections	places where two or more modes of transportation meet, in order to ease the flow of goods and reduce costs	26
9650600150	Rust Belt	a deindustrialized region, causes high unemployment, Great Lakes region	27
9650613068	Sun Belt	fastest growing region in US in terms of service industries and population	28
9650621454	technopole	an area planned for high technology, usually near universities, silicon valley, Boston corridor by MIT	29