Major AP Psychology Psychologists Flashcards
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| 6668671062 | Charles Darwin | Father of evolutionary psychology; discussed natural selection & survival of the fittest | 0 | |
| 6668671063 | Wilhelm Wundt | Created first psych laboratory; first to discuss introspection | 1 | |
| 6675349966 | Edward Titchner | Creator of structuralism; a student of Wilhelm Wundt | 2 | |
| 6668674493 | William James | Father of functionalism & a theory of emotion (stimulus + arousal = emotion) | 3 | |
| 6668674494 | G. Stanley Hall | Created America's first psych lab and was the first President of the APA | 4 | |
| 6668677466 | Mary Whiton Calkins | First female President of the APA | 5 | |
| 6668679564 | Margaret F. Washburn | First American woman to receive a PH.D in psychology | 6 | |
| 6668679565 | Sigmund Freud | Father of the psychoanalytic perspective; parts of the unconscious mind; psychosexual stages; defensive mechanisms; psychoanalysis | 7 | |
| 6668681622 | John B. Watson | Father of behaviorism; "Little Albert" experiment | 8 | |
| 6668696192 | Paul Broca | Discovered an area of the brain which allows us to take thoughts and turn them into speech | 9 | |
| 6669484820 | Carl Wernicke | Discovered an area of the brain which allows us to take speech and turn them into thoughts | 10 | |
| 6669484821 | Roger Sperry | Research on split-brain patients; Demonstrated that the functions of the left & right hemisphere | 11 | |
| 6669487063 | Michael Gazzaniga | Advanced Sperry's research by how the two hemispheres of the brain talk to each other | 12 | |
| 6669487064 | Ernest Weber | Discovered the JND; __________'s law | 13 | |
| 6669492633 | Gustav Fechner | Explained how mental processes can be measured | 14 | |
| 6669494463 | David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel | Discussed how feature detectors in the occipital lobe helps us identity an object | 15 | |
| 6669497838 | Ernest Hilgard | Believed that hypnosis allows a consciousness to become split (dissociation); "Hidden observer" experiment | 16 | |
| 6669497839 | Ivan Pavlov | Father of classical conditioning | 17 | |
| 6669500553 | John Garcia | Taste aversion | 18 | |
| 6669500554 | Robert Rescorla | Refines Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment; the CS must be a reliable signal the predicts the coming of the UCS | 19 | |
| 6669503899 | Edward Thorndike | "Rewarded behavior is likely to reoccur; the law of effect | 20 | |
| 6669503900 | B.F. Skinner | Father of operant conditioning (shaping); we do a behavior either to get a reward or avoid punishment | 21 | |
| 6669505511 | Edward Tolman | First to discuss the use of a cognitive map and latent learning to shape behavior | 22 | |
| 6669507830 | Wolfgang Kohler | Came up the ideas for insight & trial-and-error learning | 23 | |
| 6669507831 | Albert Bandura | Father of observational learning (modeling); "Bobo doll experiment | 24 | |
| 6669510454 | George A. Miller | Measured the maximum numbers that can be retained in short-term memory | 25 | |
| 6669510455 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | Father of effortful processing; practice makes perfect | 26 | |
| 6669513168 | Elizabeth Loftus | Misinformation effect; The wording of a question can lead to dramatic different answers. (Smashed v. hit) | 27 | |
| 6669513169 | Noam Chomsky | Language is innate. Deep structure & Surface structure come from him. | 28 | |
| 6669515184 | Abraham Maslow | Hierarchy of needs; self-actualization is the highest | 29 | |
| 6669516841 | Stanley Schachter | Two-factor theory of emotion; emotions depend on arousal and a cognitive label. | 30 | |
| 6669516842 | Hans Selye | General adaptation syndrome (GAS) for handling stress; alarm, resistance, & exhaustion | 31 | |
| 6669519503 | Alfred Kinsey with Masters & Johnson | Sexual response cycle | 32 | |
| 6675290072 | Mark Rosenzwig & David Krech | Rats develop larger brains when they are activated. | 33 | |
| 6669519504 | Mary Ainsworth | Attachment theory for human babies (secure & insecure) | 34 | |
| 6669521999 | Harry Harlow | Attachment theory for animals (Comfort over food) | 35 | |
| 6669522000 | Konrad Lorenz | Studied the effects of imprinting and critical period on animals | 36 | |
| 6669524030 | Jean Piaget | Stages of Cognitive Development in Children; source amnesia; assimilation v. accommodation | 37 | |
| 6669524031 | Lev Vygotsky | the zone of proximal development; culture helps in the development of children | 38 | |
| 6669528231 | Diana Baumrind | Parenting styles | 39 | |
| 6669528232 | Erik Erikson | Throughout the lifespan, we go through conflicts. | 40 | |
| 6669530116 | Lawrence Kohlburg | Stages of moral development (preconventional, conventional & postconventional) | 41 | |
| 6669530117 | Carol Gilligan | Women don't have the same morality as men. (Disagrees with Kohlburg) | 42 | |
| 6669533485 | Alfred Adler | As a child we are inferior, but as an adult, we want to become superior. (Inferiority complex) | 43 | |
| 6669533486 | Carl Jung | Collective unconscious; If we don't need something, it goes into the unconscious mind. | 44 | |
| 6669535581 | Carl Rogers | Father of principles such as client-centered therapy and active listening in humanistic psychology; unconditional positive regard | 45 | |
| 6669537602 | Paul Costa & Robert McCrae | Creators of the NEO-PI Test (CANOE) | 46 | |
| 6669537603 | Francis Galton | Believed that intelligence is passed down through genetics; created the first measurement of intelligence | 47 | |
| 6669541126 | Charles Spearman | g intelligence; If we are smart in one area, we are above average in all areas. | 48 | |
| 6669541127 | Robert Sternburg | We have three types of intelligence: analytical, practical, & creative. | 49 | |
| 6669541265 | Howard Gardner | We have eight different types of intelligence (Bodily-kinesthesis, musical, spatial, etc.) | 50 | |
| 6669545537 | Alfred Binet | Created the first usable intelligence test; wanted to find kids who were behind in their skills | 51 | |
| 6669545538 | Lewis Terman | Creator of the Stanford-Binet Test; believed that intelligence is measurable throughout the lifespan; did a longitudinal study on kids who had high IQs | 52 | |
| 6669545559 | David Wechsler | Father of the most widely used intelligence test today (WAIS) | 53 | |
| 6669548117 | Dorothea Dix | A mental health reformer who advocated for mental hospitals for patients | 54 | |
| 6669548118 | Albert Ellis | Promoted rational-emotional therapy; mental disorders are caused by an ABC model. | 55 | |
| 6669549967 | Mary C. Jones | "the mother of behavioral therapy" | 56 | |
| 6669549966 | Aaron Beck | Father of cognitive therapy; used widely to treat depression | 57 | |
| 6669552571 | Joseph Wolpe | first to use systematic desensitization to treat patients with anxiety & phobia problems | 58 | |
| 6669552572 | Leon Festinger | Father of cognitive dissonance theory | 59 | |
| 6669555049 | Philip Zimbardo | Studied the effects of role-playing in the Stanford Prison Experiment | 60 | |
| 6669555050 | Solomon Asch | Conformity; we either go with the group because we want approval (normative social infleunce) or the group cannot be wrong (informative social influence) | 61 | |
| 6669561040 | Stanley Milgram | Obedience study; we will follow the orders of a person if we perceive them to be an authority figure. | 62 | |
| 6874230039 | Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | 5 Stages of Grief | 63 | |
| 6874231622 | John Locke | "Tabula rosa"; We learn everything through experience. | 64 | |
| 6874232775 | Raymond Cattell | Creator of the 16 PF Personality Test | 65 | |
| 6874236774 | Dmitry Belayaev | You can domesticate animals that are normally wild (foxes). | 66 | |
| 6874241443 | Karen Horney | "Womb envy"; Women are superior to men because they can give birth. | 67 | |
| 6874668062 | Gordon Allport | Father of Trait theory; believed that there were two types of traits: central & secondary | 68 | |
| 6874670984 | Hans Eyesenck | Trait theorist who measured personality along two dimensions: introversion/extraversion & stable/unstable | 69 |