AP Psychology Research Methods Flashcards

6643574950	basic research	scientific investigations intended to expand the knowledge base	0
6643574951	applied research	scientific investigations intended to solve practical problems	1
6643574952	case study	scientific investigation in which a single subject is studied in great detail	2
6643574953	control group	subjects in an experiment who do not receive application of the independent variable but are measured nonetheless for the dependent variable	3
6643574954	correlation	the degree of relationship between two variables	4
6643574955	correlation coefficient	a positive one near 1.0 indicates two variable are positively related; a negative number indicates a negative relationship; zero indicates no relationship	5
6643574956	cross-sectional	type of study that measures a variable across several age groups at the same time	6
6643574957	debriefing	giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed	7
6643574958	dependent variable	the variable that the experimenter measures at the end of the experiment	8
6643574959	double blind	this term describes an experiment in which neither the subjects nor the experimenter knows whether a subject is a member of the experimental group or the control group	9
6643574960	experiment	form of scientific investigation in which one variable is tested to determine its effect on another	10
6643574961	experimental group	subjects in an experiment to whom the independent variable is administered	11
6643574962	false consensus	a belief that others share the same opinion about something, when actually most don't	12
6643574963	hindsight bias	the tendency, after an event occurs, to overestimate the likelihood that an event could have been predicted	13
6643574964	independent	type of variable manipulated by the experimenter	14
6643574965	informed consent	agreement to participate in psychology research, after being appraised of the dangers and benefits of the research	15
6643574966	longitudinal	describes research that measures a trait in a particular group of subjects over a long period of time	16
6643574967	mean	numerical average of a set of numbers	17
6643574968	median	the middle one of a set of numbers	18
6643574969	mode	the most commonly occurring term in a batch of data	19
6643574970	naturalistic observation	term refers to observations made of individual's behavior in an everyday life setting	20
6643574971	normal distribution	describes a symmetrical, bell shaped curve that shows the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes	21
6643574972	operational definition	a description of an experimental variable in such a way that the variable can be defined and measured	22
6643574973	population	all of the individuals from which subjects for an experiment may be drawn	23
6643574974	random assignment	term that describes assignment in which all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to the control group or to the experimental group	24
6643574975	scatterplot	name for a graph of data points in a two variable correlation	25
6643574976	standard deviation	a computation of how much scores vary around a mean, how spread out or clustered the results are	26
6643574977	theory	this organizes data and is used to make predictions	27
6643574978	hypothesis	a prediction of the outcome of a study based on accumulated knowledge, a statement that attempts to predict or account for a set of phenomena	28
6643574979	survey	questioning of a large group of people	29
6643574980	validity	what is being tested is tested	30
6643574981	reliability	consistency in the results of study	31
6643574982	experimenter bias	in a study, the experimenter influences the results through their behavior	32
6643574983	participant bias	in a study, the subjects beliefs alter the studies results	33
6643574984	hawthorne effect	peoples behavior changes when they know they know they are being watched	34
6643574985	placebo	do to a belief that something will happen, it does happen	35
6643574986	confirmation bias	the tendency to look for information that supports one owns belief	36
6643574987	projective test	assessment that is designed to measure unconscious beliefs. An example would be a IAT test. ie- race bias	37
6643574988	psychological test	designed to measure such things as personality traits, emotional states or aptitudes	38
6643574989	Standardization	having uniform procedures to administer and score a test	39
6643574990	principle of falsifiability	the hypothesis must be written in a manner in which it can be proven or disproven	40
6643574991	test norm	an established standard of performance on a test	41
6643574992	positive correlation	the variables are both moving in the same direction	42
6643574993	negative correlation	the variables are both moving in opposite directions	43
6643574994	experimentation	the only way to prove causation, using a control and experimental group with independent and dependent variables	44
6643574995	single blind study	the experimenter knows which group is being subjected to the treatment (independent variable)	45
6643574996	double blind study	neither the experimenter or the subjects know which group is being subjected to the treatment	46
6643574997	coefficient of correlation	demonstrates the size and relationship between the two variables (+1.0 to -1.0)	47