Ap Environmental Science - Population Flashcards

9517333413	Three types of population distribution	Random, Uniform, Clumped	0
9517333414	Density Dependent Factor	A factor that influences an individuals probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population (i.e. predation, disease, food supply)	1
9517333415	Density Independent Factor	A factor that has the same effect on a individual's probability of survival and reproduction at any populations size	2
9517333416	exponential growth models	occurs when populations are not limited by resources. (J-curve)	3
9517333417	logistical growth model	occurs when populations reach a carrying capacity established by a limiting resource and initially experience large growth but then level off. However, they do not exist exactly at carrying capacity. They fluctuate above and below.	4
9517333418	Type I, II, III Curves	reproductive strategies of different species. Type I fosters their young, Type II does sorta kinda, and type III straight up ditches their kids	5
9517333419	K selective strategies	A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity (TYPE I)	6
9517333420	R selective strategies	A species with a high intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to overshoot and quickly die off (TYPE III)	7
9517333421	Population size	The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time	8
9517333422	Population density	The number of individuals per unit area at a given time	9
9517333423	Population distribution	How individuals are distributed with respect to one another	10
9517333424	Population age structure	how many individuals fit into age categories. Shown by age structure diagrams	11
9517333425	Growth Rate	The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given period of time, minus the deaths of the individual or offspring during the same period	12
9517333426	Metapopulations	A group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between the populations	13
9517333427	Competition	The struggle of individuals to obtain a limiting resource	14
9517333428	Resource partitioning	Where species work together and divide up a resource like birds in a tree-this can reduce competition	15
9517333429	Predation	The use of one species as a resource by another species	16
9517333430	Parasites	Type of predation when species live on or in the organism they consume	17
9517333431	Parasitoids	Type of predation when species lay eggs inside other organisms	18
9517333432	Mutualism	A type of interspecific interaction where both species benefit	19
9517333433	Commensalism	A type of relationship in which one species benefits but the other is neither helped nor hurt	20
9517333434	Keystone Species	Keystone or Busch? Jk nah this is a species that plays a role in its community that is far more important that ints relative abundance might suggest	21
9517333435	Primary Succession	Occurs on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil. Starts with moss and lichens on the exposed rock and it it progresses to shrubs and plants and eventually restores ecosystem.	22
9517333436	Secondary Succession	Occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil	23
9517333437	Community Ecology	The study of the interactions between species in a habitat	24
9517333438	Competitive exclusion principle	two species competing for the same limited resource cannot coexist. This explains why resource partitioning takes place so that both can survive	25
9517333439	Interspecific Competition	When two species compete over one limited resource	26
9517333440	Intraspecific Competition	When two individuals within the same species compete over one limited resource	27
9517333441	Factors that determine species richness	Latitude (distance from equator), Time (older the habitat, the higher SR), Habitat size (larger=greater)	28
9517333442	Theory of Island Biogeography	Explains that both habitat size and distance determine species richness	29
9517333443	How does the human population not have a food deficit?	Innovation and Technology	30
9517333444	growth rate equation	CBR-CDR/10	31
9517333445	doubling time for a population equation	70/growth rate	32
9517333446	Demography	The study of human populations and population trends	33
9517333447	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)	estimate of the average number of children each woman will bear in her lifetime	34
9517333448	Replacement level fertility (RLF)	2.1	35
9517333449	Developed Countries	Countries with high levels of industrialization and income	36
9517333450	Developing Countries	Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income	37
9517333451	Life Expectancy	The average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate of that country	38
9517333452	Infant Mortality Rate	Number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 births	39
9517333453	Child Mortality Rate	Number of deaths of children under the age of five per 1000 births	40
9517333454	Demographic Transition	The theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to and industrialized one, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth	41
9517333455	Family Planning	Regulating the number or spacing of children through the use of birth control	42
9517333456	IPAT equation	environmental Impact=Population, Affluence, Technology	43