AP Psych Ch. 2 Flashcards

5585826194	afferent	sensory input neuron	0
5585826195	efferent	motor output neuron	1
5585826196	glial cells	remove wastes from the nervous system	2
5585826197	polarized	neuron is in resting potential, Na on outside	3
5585826198	depolarized	neuron is in action potential, Na on inside	4
5585826199	refractory	neural resting period, absolute & relative	5
5585826200	repolarizes	neuron reestablishes negative-inside/positive-outside condition	6
5585826201	reuptake	neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron	7
5585826202	synaptic vesicles	contain neurotransmitters	8
5585826203	Alzheimer's	believed to be caused by a lack of Acetylcholine in brain	9
5585826204	Multiple Sclerosis	condition of the degeneration of the myelin sheath	10
5585826205	Parkinson's	condition of the degeneration of dopamine producing neurons	11
5585826206	Schizophrenia	believed to be caused by excess levels of dopamine in the brain	12
5585826207	Depression	believed to be caused by imbalances of serotonin & norepinephrine	13
5585826208	endorphins	chemically similar to morphine & heroine, pain-relievers	14
5585826209	agonist	a drug that resembles a neurotransmitter	15
5585826210	antagonist	a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter at the receptor site	16
5585826211	central nervous system	made up of the brain & spinal cord	17
5585826212	ventricles	four cavities in the brain	18
5585826213	spinal reflexes	automatic withdrawal behaviors with no brain involvement	19
5585826214	peripheral nervous system	made up of somatic & autonomic nervous systems	20
5585826215	autonomic nervous system	made up of the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems	21
5585826216	parasympathetic	nervous system that is calming after an emergency response	22
5585826217	sympathetic	fight or flight emergency response system	23
5585826218	pituitary gland	regulates activities of several other glands, growth hormones	24
5585826219	pineal gland	produces melatonin	25
5585826220	thyroid gland	controls metabolism	26
5585826221	adrenal glands	secrete hormones involved in physical arousal to fear	27
5585826222	functional plasticity	brain's ability to shift function from damaged to undamaged area of brain	28
5585826223	structural plasticity	brain's ability to change in physical structure in response to learning	29
5585826224	neurogenesis	the development of new neurons	30
5585826225	contralateral organization	one side of the brain controls movements on other side of the body	31
5585826226	medulla	controls breathing & heart rate	32
5585826227	pons	"bridge", coordinates posture	33
5585826228	cerebellum	"little brain", muscle tone, balance, automatic movements	34
5585826229	reticular formation	nerve fibers, regulate attention, sends to higher structures of the brain	35
5585826230	substantia nigra	contains dopamine-producing neurons	36
5585826231	corpus callosum	connects the two cerebral hemispheres	37
5585826232	temporal lobe	primary auditory cortex	38
5585826233	occipital lobe	primary visual cortex	39
5585826234	parietal lobe	processes somatosensory information	40
5585826235	frontal lobe	largest lobe of cerebral cortex, executive functions	41
5585826236	primary motor cortex	located in the frontal lobe	42
5585826237	somatosensory cortex	located in the parietal lobe	43
5585826238	limbic system	made up of hypothalamus, thalamus & amygdala	44
5585826239	hypothalamus	regulates hunger, thirst & sleep	45
5585826240	thalamus	sensory relay station	46
5585826241	amygdala	involved in memory & basic emotions	47
5585826242	hippocampus	involved in the formation of new memories	48
5585826243	Broca's area	frontal lobe, production of speech	49
5585826244	Wernicke's area	temporal lobe, comprehension of speech	50
5585826245	aphasia	inability to articulate or understand speech	51
5585826246	split brain operation	cuts corpus callosum to help patients with epilepsy	52
5585826247	left brain functions	speech, language, arithmetic reading	53
5585826248	right brain functions	geometry, face recognition, mental rotation of shapes	54