AP Government: Civil Rights Flashcards

6530068062	Civil Rights	-Government action to create equal conditions -Right of a minority group to be free from discrimination by the majority -Equal treatment of minorities by states guaranteed by Equal Protection Clause of Fourteenth Amendment and, at the federal level, by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment	0
6530068063	Equal Protection Clause	-Contained in Fourteenth Amendment -Declares that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" -Protects minorities from discrimination by state governments	1
6530068064	Civil Rights Act of 1964	-Landmark legislation that banned racial segregation in schools, public transportation, public facilities and employment—ended Jim Crow -Based on the federal government's power to control interstate commerce	2
6530068065	Voting Rights Act of 1965	-Landmark legislation that outlawed discriminatory voting practices responsible for widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South -Ended literacy tests	3
6530068066	Affirmative Action	-Policy designed to correct effects of past racial or gender discrimination by giving certain preferences in education or employment to these groups -Courts are increasingly limiting the use of racial preferences	4
6530068068	Clear and present danger	Interpretation by Justice Oliver Wendell Homes regarding limits on free speech if it presents a danger to the public or leads to illegal actions; for example, one cannot shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater.	5
6530068069	Selective Incorporation	The case-by-case process by which liberties listed in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the states using the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.	6
6530068070	Miranda Rights	Statements required of police that inform a suspect of his or her constitutional rights protected by the fifth amendment, including the right to an attorney provided by the court if the suspect cannot afford one	7
6530068072	Original Intent	A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the Framers' ideas - conservatives often support this perspective	8
6530068073	Living Constitution	Assumes that the Constitution was meant to be a dynamic document whose meaning has to account for contemporary social and political context.	9
6530076785	Selective incorporation	The process by which the Bill of Rights has been applied to the states on a case-by-case basis through the Fourteenth Amendment	10
6530079137	14th Amendment	Equal protections under the laws- States are not allowed to take measures that restrict freedoms for any citizen, especially voting	11
6530081256	13th Amendment	Slavery is illegal in any form in the US.	12
6530084624	Civil Rights Act 1964	outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.	13
6530090960	exclusionary rule	a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial	14
6531826959	Title IX	No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.	15
6531830327	Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay act of 2009	Restored the protection against pay discrimination that was stripped away by the Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.	16
6531855207	The Equal Pay Act (EPA)	prohibits sex-based wage discrimination between men and women in the same establishment who perform jobs that require substantially equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions.	17
6531888887	Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)	Proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women and men. did not become part of the U.S. Constitution. Several organizations, however, continue to work for the adoption of an ERA.	18