AP Language & Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

5369622317	rhetoric	the art of effective and persuasive communication	0
5369631883	the rhetorical situation	the context in which the communication takes place	1
5369636121	S.O.A.P.S.	subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and speaker	2
5369642904	parallelism	use of components in a sentence that are grammatically and structurally similar	3
5369652756	analogy	comparing two unlike things to show a correlation between two ideas	4
5369657721	artistic proof	the author or speaker creates logical arguments based on their own research/findings	5
5369677192	inartistic proof	the author or speaker uses evidence and researched facts	6
5369701773	metaphor	makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share a common characteristic	7
5369707484	wit	mental sharpness and inventiveness; intelligence	8
5369711542	deductive reasoning	using a general fact to prove a more specific statement	9
5369714985	allusion	a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance	10
5369733581	personification	where a thing, idea, or animal is given human atributes	11
5369737177	rhetorical question	asked for effect or to lay emphasis on some point; no answer is expected	12
5369742938	hyperbole	involves an exaggeration of ideas for sake of emphasis	13
5369746217	logos	an appeal to logic through the use of evidence	14
5369756706	anaphora	deliberate repetition of the first part of a sentence or phrase to achieve an artistic affect	15
5369760688	understatement	a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is	16
5369773999	sarcasm	to speak bitterly; to say something that you do not mean	17
5369776749	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which two opposing ideas are joined to create an effect	18
5369784231	inductive reasoning	using specific examples to prove the likelihood of a more general statement	19
5369787273	asyndeton	a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunction between phrases and in a sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy	20
5369802884	connotation	ideas, feelings, emotions, and images implied by a word	21
5369806175	diction	the author's choice of words	22
5369807690	denotation	the exact, dictionary definition of a word	23
5369810228	tone	the author's attitude towards the subject	24
5369812511	syllogism	a conclusion is drawn from at least two premises	25
5369834694	process	showing how something occurs and/or works	26
5369837021	jargon	specific words used by a certain group	27
5369842501	definition	explaining what something is and/or isn't	28
5369848974	description	describing a topic in detail	29
5369850948	analysis	looking at parts of something and describing what they mean	30
5369853895	cause/effect	a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others; action and reaction	31
5369865946	narration	telling a story	32
5369869732	begging the question	supporting your claim by restating your claim (circular reasoning)	33
5369874599	straw man	oversimplifying an argument to make it easier to comprehend or refute it	34
5369881267	post hoc ergo propter hoc	wrongfully claiming that one event caused another (false cause)	35
5369886868	false analogy	when two subjects being compared are not similar enough for a fair comparison	36
5369900917	hasty generalization	making a conclusion without enough evidence	37
5369903824	red herring	attempting to change the subject to prove a point	38
5369908439	ad hominem attack	attacking the person arguing, rather than their argument	39
5369910402	false authority	uses authority in one field to represent authority in another	40
5369922227	non sequitur argument	when an argument does not follow a logical sequence	41
5369924720	false dilema	reducing a complex issue to only two option (either-or)	42
5369927879	slippery slope	claiming that one action will cause a multitude of dire/drastic consequences	43
5369934883	bandwagon	using the fact that other people believe something to prove a claim in an argument	44
5369965794	tu quoque	"you do it too" argument (you too)	45
5369973755	eqivocation	changing the meaning of a word to prove a point	46
5369975497	ignoring the question	shifting focus to avoid the argument	47
5369984280	ethos	an appeal to ethics and credibility	48
5369984281	pathos	an appeal to emotions	49
5369987605	syntax	the arrangement of words in a sentence	50
5369989065	cumulative sentence	begins with standard sentence, details added on (loose sentence)	51
5369990627	periodic sentence	begins with details followed by the main clause	52
5369994054	anastrophe	changing the standard order of sentence components; s+v becomes v+s (inverted sentence)	53
5369996627	satire	a work that criticizes an aspect of society through the use of humor and irony	54
5369996628	verbal irony	when the speaker doesn't mean what they say; says one thing but means abother	55
5369998185	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something but the characters do not	56
5370000415	situational irony	something happens and a reversal of expectations occurs	57
5370003466	active voice	the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb	58
5370005934	passive voice	the object of an action becomes the subject of the sentence; something is happening to the object	59