AP Psychology Thinking and Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 9781848979 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 0 |
| 9781848980 | Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides quick/easy methods for sorting things. | 1 | |
| 9781848981 | Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. |  | 2 |
| 9781848982 | Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. |  | 3 |
| 9781848983 | Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 4 |
| 9781848984 | Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. | 5 | |
| 9781848985 | Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mindset. | 6 | |
| 9781848986 | Mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |  | 7 |
| 9781848987 | Functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 8 |
| 9781848988 | representative heuristic | judging the likely-hood of things based on how well they represent, or match, particularly prototypes. (Truck driver and librarian) |  | 9 |
| 9781848989 | Availability heuristic | estimating the likely-hood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind we presume such events are common. | 10 | |
| 9781848990 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct; to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements |  | 11 |
| 9781848991 | Belief perserverence | clinging to ones initial concepts after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 12 | |
| 9781848993 | Framing | the way an issue is posed; can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 13 |
| 9781848994 | Phonemes | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | 14 | |
| 9781848995 | Morphemes | in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be part of a word. | 15 | |
| 9781848996 | Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand each other. | 16 | |
| 9781848997 | Semantics | the set of rules by which we derive the MEANING from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of MEANING. | 17 | |
| 9781848998 | Syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. | 18 | |
| 9781848999 | Babbling Stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. | 19 | |
| 9781849000 | One word stage | the stage in speech development, from age 1 to 2 , during with a child speaks mostly in single words. | 20 | |
| 9781849001 | Two word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly 2 word statements. | 21 | |
| 9781849002 | Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs. | 22 | |
| 9781892304 | belief bias | a tendency to draw conclusions based on what one already believes rather than sound logic | 23 | |
| 9781899860 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 24 | |
| 9781908889 | languages | human speech, spoken or written | 25 | |
| 9781908890 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 26 |