AP Lang: The Language of AP Flashcards

10331960355	Argumentation	the action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory.	0
10331960727	Rhetoric	language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content.	1
10331961721	Simile	a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid.	2
10331962084	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	3
10331963717	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	4
10331964291	Parallelism	the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc.	5
10331964652	Cacophony	the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing, and unmelodious sounds - primarily those of consonants - to achieve desired results.	6
10331965884	Oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.	7
10331966516	Litotes	figure of speech that employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions.	8
10331966971	Hyperbole	a figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.	9
10331967659	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.	10
10331967988	Euphemism	a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.	11
10331968586	Analogy	a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it; aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar.	12
10331969007	Irony	a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words; may also be a situation that ends up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated.	13
10331969310	Anaphora	the repetition of a certain word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines of writing or speech; most commonly seen in poetry, essays, and formal speeches.	14
10331969682	Anecdote	a very short story that is significant to the topic at hand; usually adding personal knowledge or experience to the topic.	15
10331970043	Antithesis	a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other.	16
10331970503	Apostrophe	an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified).	17
10331971227	Appeals	(in classical rhetoric) one of the three main persuasive strategies as defined by Aristotle in his Rhetoric: the appeal to logic (logos), the appeal to the emotions (pathos), and the appeal to the character (or perceived character) of the speaker (ethos). Also called a rhetorical appeal.	18
10331972197	Ethos	the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character.	19
10331972610	Logos	a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic.	20
10331974303	Pathos	a quality of an experience in life, or a work of art, that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow; a method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response.	21
10331974533	Audience	the person for whom a writer writes; the spectators, listeners, and intended readers of a writing, performance, or speech.	22
10331975355	Exemplum	a rhetorical device that is defined as a short tale, narrative, or anecdote used in literary pieces and speeches to explain a doctrine, or emphasize a moral point, generally in the forms of legends, folktales, and fables.	23
10331977597	Hypothesis		24
10331977931	Logical Fallacy	a concept within argumentation that commonly leads to an error in reasoning due to the deceptive nature of its presentation.	25
10331978496	Logical Proof	proof that is derived explicitly from its premises without exception; establishes its conclusion beyond any possibility of doubt.	26
10331978862	Metonymy	a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related.	27
10331979447	Non sequitur	a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.	28
10331980856	Onomatopoeia	the process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes.	29
10331981576	Personification	the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.	30
10332515473	Parallel Structure	repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence; using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.	31
10332555991	Pragmatism	a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected.	32
10332557320	Rebuttal	a literary technique in which a speaker or writer uses argument, and presents reasoning or evidence intended to undermine or weaken the claim of an opponent.	33
10332557812	Semantics	the study and analysis of how language is used figuratively and literally to produce meaning.	34
10332558805	Skepticism	an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object; the doctrine that true knowledge or some particular knowledge is uncertain.	35
10332559666	Tone	an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience; the effect that the writer creates on the readers through choice of writing style.	36
10332562690	Rhetorical question	a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.	37