AP Language Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

9843239934	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	0
9843239935	Ad Hominem	A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	1
9843239936	Ad Populem	"To the people," something must be good because everyone is doing it	2
9843239937	Allusion	A reference to commonly known idea or text, the most common are historical, biblical, or literary.	3
9843239938	Ambiguity	An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.	4
9843239939	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	5
9843239940	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	6
9843239941	Antithesis	Direct opposite	7
9843239942	Appeal to False Authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	8
9843239943	Archaic Diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	9
9843239944	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions	10
9843239945	Backing	Further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	11
9843239946	Bandwagon Appeal	The argument that since something is popular or everybody is doing it, so should you.	12
9843239947	Caricature	a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect	13
9843239948	Chiasmus	A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed	14
9843239949	Circular Reasoning	Repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence, resulting in no evidence at all.	15
9843239950	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	16
9843239951	Claims of Fact	Assert that something is true or not true	17
9843239952	Claims of Value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable	18
9843239953	Claims of Policy	recommend that a specific course of action be taken or approved	19
9843239954	Closed Thesis	A limited thesis that previews the major points the speaker/author will make	20
9843239955	Open Thesis	is one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	21
9843239956	Colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing	22
9843239957	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	23
9843239958	Concede	To admit as true; to yield, submit	24
9843239959	Confirmation	Proof Proof; evidence; verification	25
9843239960	Connotation	All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests	26
9843239961	Counter Argument Thesis	Summary of counterargument, preceding writer's opinion	27
9843239962	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	28
9843239963	Cumulative Sentence	Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on.	29
9843239964	Declarative Sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	30
9843239965	Diatribe	A bitter verbal attack	31
9843239966	Double Entendre	a word or phrase open to two interpretations, one of which is usually risqué or indecent.	32
9843239967	Euphemism	an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive	33
9843239968	Faulty Analogy	A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.	34
9843239969	First Hand Evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	35
9843239970	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	36
9843239971	Imperative Sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	37
9843239972	Incongruity	To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to its surroundings	38
9843239973	Induction/Inductive Reasoning	Reasoning from specific to general.	39
9843239974	Innuendo	A hint, indirect suggestion, or reference	40
9843239975	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	41
9843239976	Inversion	Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)	42
9843239977	Irony	A contrast between expectation and reality; incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs	43
9843239978	Jargon	the specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession	44
9843239979	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	45
9843239980	Logical Fallacy	An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid	46
9843239981	Metonymy	substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it	47
9843239982	Non Sequitur	a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.	48
9843239983	Oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction	49
9843239984	Paradox	A figure of speech or statement that seems contradictory but actually contains a hidden truth	50
9843239985	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	51
9843239986	Parody	a humorous imitation of a serious work	52
9843239987	Paronomasia	an intentional form of pun that uses words similar in sound but different in meaning for a humorous effect	53
9843239988	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.	54
9843239989	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	55
9843239990	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	56
9843239991	Propaganda	Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.	57
9843239992	Pun	A play on words	58
9843239993	Qualifier	a restriction placed on the claim to state that it may not always be true as stated Words that avoid absolutes and admit potential exceptions	59
9843239994	Quantitative Evidence	Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers	60
9843239995	Rebuttal	An argument technique wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and countered	61
9843239996	Red Herring	use of an irrelevant point to divert attention from the real issue	62
9843239997	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	63
9843239998	Reversal	To present the opposite of the normal order	64
9843239999	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	65
9843240000	Second Hand Evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	66
9843240001	Slapstick	comedy based on deliberately clumsy actions and humorously embarrassing events	67
9843240002	Straw Man Fallacy	Occurs when the arguer attacks a misrepresentation of the opponent's view.	68
9843240003	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them.	69
9843240004	Symbol	Something that represents something else	70
9843240005	Synecdoche	using a part of something to represent the whole thing	71
9843240006	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	72
9843240007	Transition	The connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence.	73
9843240008	Shift	In writing, a movement from one thought or idea to another; a change.	74
9843240009	Travesty	A crude, exaggerated, or ridiculous representation; mockery	75
9843240010	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	76
9843240011	Overstatement	the action of expressing or stating something too strongly; exaggeration. making to seem more important than it really is the action of expressing or stating something too strongly; exaggeration.	77
9843240012	Assumption	a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.	78
9843240013	Zeugma	Artfully using one verb with two or more different objects	79