AP Language Review Flashcards

8241751093	Speaker	The person or group who creates a text	0
8241774307	rhetorical triangle	speaker, audience, subject	1
8241780068	purpose	the goal the speaker wants to achieve	2
8241784941	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	3
8241798556	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	4
8241802902	Subject	The topic of a text. What the text is about.	5
8241806516	SOAPS	Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker	6
8241812506	Rhetorical Appeals	The ways in which a writer can influence his/ her audience; logos, ethos, and pathos	7
8241816135	Ethos	Credibility	8
8241825230	Logos	Appeal to logic	9
8241828568	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	10
8241832010	Concession	An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable	11
8241837296	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	12
8241843138	Connotation	All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests	13
8241854605	Diction	Word choice	14
8241854606	Syntax	Sentence structure	15
8241863529	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	16
8241863530	Hyperbole	Exaggeration	17
8241868739	Personification	the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea	18
8241871793	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	19
8241875485	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	20
8241882759	Compound Sentence	a sentence with more than one subject or predicate.	21
8241885754	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	22
8241888911	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.	23
8241894556	Cumulative Sentence	Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on.	24
8241897398	Imperative Sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	25
8241897399	Pacing	the movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another	26
8241904314	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	27
8241911167	Satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	28
8241916605	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	29
8241916606	Zeugma	a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses	30
8241929359	Hortative Sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action.	31
8241929360	Thesis Statement	a statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay	32
8241936760	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	33
8241939710	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	34
8241955462	Claim of Value	Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong.	35
8241995468	Closed thesis	A statement of the main idea and brief preview of an argument	36
8242001377	Open thesis	One that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay	37
8242009226	Counterargument thesis	a summary of a counterargument, usually qualified by although or but	38
8242028770	Toulmin Argument	system of reasoning that offers advice for building convincing cases that has no order, just parts	39
8242034920	Warrant	expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and audience.	40
8242079217	Backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	41
8242084552	Qualifier	a word or phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase	42
8242097802	Logical Fallacies	An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.	43
8242097803	Red Herring	When a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue	44
8242103416	Ad Hominem	An attack on the person rather than the issue at hand - a common fallacy - common in elections	45
8242112797	Faulty Analogy	A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.	46
8242119136	Straw Man Fallacy	A statement that refutes a claim that was never made	47
8242128732	Either/Or Fallacy	tendency to see an issue as having ONLY two sides	48
8242132599	False Dilemma	occurs when it is suggested that only two alternatives exist even though there may be others	49
8242137634	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	50
8242142517	Circular Reasoning	A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	51
8242147081	First Hand Evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	52
8242152425	Second Hand Evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	53
8242157397	Expert Opinion	an authoritative source of relevant information	54
8242164743	Quantitative Evidence	Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers	55
8242172135	Bandwagon Appeal	Make you think that everyone is doing it so you should too!	56