AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION TERMS Flashcards

7046898300	Ad Hominem	Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacked his or her opponents instead of their arguments.	0
7046899395	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.	1
7046967797	Alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds.	2
7046967798	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity.	3
7046967799	Consonance	The repetition of consonant sounds in a sentence or line of poetry.	4
7046967800	Allegory	A story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning.	5
7046967801	Allusion	An indirect, or expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly.	6
7046967802	Anachronism	Anything out of its proper time.	7
7046967803	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	8
7046967804	Antithesis	A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.	9
7046967805	Anaphora	The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.	10
7046967806	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.	11
7046967807	Epistrophe	A rhetorical figure by which the same word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive sentences.	12
7046967808	Antihero	A central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes in romances and epics.	13
7046967809	Aphorism	A concise statement of a truth or principle.	14
7046967810	Apology	In the literary sense, a justification or defense of the writer's opinion or conduct, not usually implying any admission of blame.	15
7046967811	Apostrophe	Address to an absent or imaginary person.	16
7046967812	Archetype	a very typical example of a certain person or thing or recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology.	17
7046967813	Asyndeton	The omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	18
7046967814	Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.	19
7046967815	Comic Relief	In a tragedy, a break in the seriousness for a moment of comedy or silliness.	20
7046967816	Conceit	A fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor.	21
7046967817	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	22
7046967818	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word.	23
7046967819	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words.	24
7046967820	Didactic	Instructive.	25
7046967821	Enthymeme	Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated.	26
7046967822	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant.	27
7047396005	Fallacy	A false or mistaken idea.	28
7047396006	Hyperbole	Extreme exaggeration.	29
7047396007	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).	30
7047396008	Inference	A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.	31
7047396009	Verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant.	32
7047396010	Situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected.	33
7047396011	Dramatic irony	The audience knows something the characters do not.	34
7047396012	Litotes	A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite.	35
7047396013	Logic	The system of principles of reasoning used to reach valid conclusions or make inferences.	36
7047396014	Loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.	37
7047396015	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as.	38
7047396016	Metonymy	Substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it.	39
7047396017	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.	40
7047396018	Motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea.	41
7047396019	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	42
7047396020	Parallelism	The similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	43
7047396021	Paradox	A contradiction or dilemma.	44
7047396022	Pedantic	Tending to show off one's learning.	45
7047396023	Periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.	46
7047396024	Personification	The giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.	47
7047396025	Polysyndeton	A rhetorical device for the repeated use of conjunctions to link a succession of words, clauses, or sentences.	48
7047396026	Rhetoric	The art of using language effectively and persuasively.	49
7047396027	Rhetorical modes	exposition - To explain and analyze information. description - To recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. narration - To tell a story. argumentation - To prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convinced is the reader.	50
7047396028	Rhetorical question	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	51
7047396029	Satire	Using humor to expose something or someone to ridicule.	52
7047396030	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as".	53
7047396031	Style	1. The evaluation of the choices an author makes. 2. The classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. * By doing so we are able to see how an author style reflects and helps to define historical period.	54
7047423597	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. * usually in this form : all x are y, z is x, so therefore, z is y	55
7047423598	Symbol	Something that stands for something else.	56
7047423599	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. example - Referring to a car as "wheels."	57
7047423600	Syntax	Sentence structure.	58
7047423601	Theme	Central idea of a work of literature.	59
7047423602	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character.	60
7047423603	Ethos	Refers to the trustworthiness of the writer. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer refers to differing views. * appeal from credibility	61
7047423604	Pathos	Appealing to emotion. * to appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination. * Identify with the writer's view	62
7047423605	Logos	Appeal to logic. * refers to the internal consistency of the message, the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of it supporting evidence.	63