Terminology for AP Language and Composition Flashcards

6980533975	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
6980538127	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event	1
6980540238	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
6980541774	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
6980543783	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event	4
6980545490	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text	5
6980546518	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
6980562770	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	7
6980563864	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
6980573677	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth	9
6980576921	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	10
6980578952	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	11
6980583011	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
6980588991	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	13
6980592216	Assertion	An emphatic statement;declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	14
6980594485	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
6980597073	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	16
6980600199	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
6980601455	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	18
6980603959	Authority	A reliable, respected source-someone with knowledge	19
6983920596	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	20
6983922881	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	21
6983930144	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
6983941983	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text	23
6983949019	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language	24
6983950283	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions	25
6983955393	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	26
6983959155	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding	27
6983961486	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	28
6983963690	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	29
6983965941	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	30
6983976904	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
6983979085	Cumulative sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	32
6983988053	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement	33
6983989979	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific	34
6983995126	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition	35
6983995819	Diction	Word choice	36
6984192579	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	37
6984195782	Elegiac	Mournful over what passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	38
6984198035	Epigram	A brief witty statement	39
6984199206	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's rhetorical appeals	40
6984202132	Figurative Language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	41
6984205701	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	42
6984209592	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	43
6984210764	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing,	44
6984215122	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands	45
6984219616	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general	46
6984221017	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	47
6984221872	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result	48
6984226530	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis	49
6984228449	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	50
6984232794	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	51
6984240298	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	52
6984243005	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	53
6984244584	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms	54
6984246317	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	55
6984248723	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns	56
6984249857	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	57
6984253638	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	58
6984256707	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	59
6984258130	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects	60
6984259877	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	61
6984260691	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	62
6984265069	Premise	major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise	63
6984269244	Major premise	All mammals are warm-blooded	64
6984270734	Minor premise	All horses are mammals	65
6984274348	Conclusion	All horses are warm-blooded	66
6984276510	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	67
6984279920	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	68
6984280856	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	69
6984284137	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	70
6984284971	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration,description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	71
6984289700	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer	72
6984293320	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	73
6984295278	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	74
6984296763	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	75
6984297943	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex	76
6984302164	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	77
6984303110	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	78
6984311757	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	79
6984314130	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	80
6984315390	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	81
6984321882	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	82
6984327590	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	83
6984330391	Subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	84
6984333739	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	85
6984335200	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	86
6984336486	Syntax	Sentence structure	87
6984337698	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	88
6984339057	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	89
6984341811	Thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	90
6984342822	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	91
6984343832	Topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	92
6984347076	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	93
6984348038	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	94
6984348848	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	95
6984350666	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more	96