Ap Language and Composition Flashcards

6965287584	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. Ex: Aunt april ate acorns and apples around august.	0
6965296900	Allusion	An indirect reference,often to another text or an historic event.	1
6965299735	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
6965315230	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
6965320154	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	4
6965321417	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
6965326457	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
6965330677	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
6965352438	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
6965367663	Aphorism	A short,astute statement of a general truth.	9
6965372209	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
6965375008	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
6965385758	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
6965388863	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker,the subject,and the audience.	13
6965396871	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
6965403179	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	15
6965407898	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words,phrases,clauses.	16
6965412483	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	17
6965416927	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
6965423712	Authority	A reliable, respected source-someone with knowledge.	19
6965428784	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.o	20
6965432482	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
6965435259	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence.	22
6965438809	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language,sentence structure,vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
6965450122	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	24
6965453000	Common ground	Shared beliefs,values,or positions.	25
6965454908	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	26
6965462249	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding.	27
6965466800	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning.	28
6965477221	Context	Words,events,or circumstances that help determine meaning.	29
6965693708	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	30
6965704067	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	31
6965707731	Cumulative sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phases that supply additional detail.	32
6965712802	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	33
6965714751	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	34
6965716804	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	35
6965723048	Diction	Word choice	36
6965724466	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	37
6965732875	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	38
6965735386	Epigram	A brief witty statement.	39
6965737266	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals.	40
6965743804	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	41
6965747362	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather that conveying a literal meaning .	42
6965751766	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	43
6965759196	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses.	44
6965764265	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	45
6965766582	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general.	46
6965767552	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	47
6965770078	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	48
6965774396	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	49
6965782065	Logos	A greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals.	50
6965791356	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	51
6965798651	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	52
6965802036	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	53
6965806545	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	54
6965810071	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	55
6965811288	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	56
6965816369	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another, used for comic effect or ridicule.	57
6965821403	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals.	58
6965831573	Persona	The speaker, voice or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	59
6965838251	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	60
6965851528	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy,politics,or religion.	61
6965856313	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	62
6965862994	Premise	Major,minor two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.	63
6965871574	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	64
6965873676	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	65
6965888536	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	66
6965899940	Rhetoric	The study of effective,persuasive language use; according to Aristotle,use of the "available means of persuasion."	67
6967709452	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration,description,comparison and contrast,cause and effect,definition,exemplification,classification and division,process analysis,and argumentation.	68
6967723706	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	69
6967726792	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker,the subject,and the audience.	70
6971128143	Satire	An ironic,sarcastic,or witty composition that claims to argue for something,but actually argues against it.	71
6971132875	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	72
6971135123	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into know sentence constructions-such as simple, compound,complex,or compound-complex.	73
6971142345	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	74
6971144322	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	75
6971151465	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate;an independent clause.	76
6971159224	Source	A book,article,person,or other resource consulted for information.	77
6971164369	Speaker	A term used for the author,speaker or the person whose perspective is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	78
6971182400	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	79
6971194396	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	80
6971201808	Subject	In rhetoric,the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	81
6971213335	Subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	82
6971225176	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactic element on another in a sentence.	83
6972890045	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise.	84
6972893462	Syntax	Sentence structure	85
6972894887	Synthesize	Combing or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	86
6972899416	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	87
6972901061	Thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work,may be explicit or implicit.	88
6972904923	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	89
6972912977	Topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph,that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	90
6972917460	Trope	Artful diction;the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	91
6972923509	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	92
6972927385	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun. In rhetoric,a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	93
6972934301	Zeugma	A construction in which one word modifies or governs often in different,sometimes in-congruent ways- two or more words in a sentence.	94