AP Psych Unit 10 Flashcards

6550276863	personality	an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting	0
6550278949	free association	in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing	1
6550281359	psychoanalysis	Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts	2
6550286417	unconscious	a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories or information processing of which we are unaware	3
6550293662	id	a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.	4
6550298034	ego	the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality	5
6550301800	superego	the part of the personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations	6
6550306025	psychosexual stages	the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones	7
6550313683	Oedipus Complex	according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father	8
6550317094	identification	the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos	9
6550344438	fixation	according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.	10
6550348901	defense mechanisms	in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality	11
6550383731	repression	in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.	12
6550401915	regression	psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated	13
6550404100	reaction formation	psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites	14
6550409203	projection	psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others	15
6550413296	rationalization	psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions	16
6550420725	displacement	psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person	17
6550423483	sublimation	psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities	18
6550427530	denial	psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities	19
6550446610	collective unconscious	Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history	20
6550450485	projective test	a personality test, such as the Rorschack or TAT that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics	21
6550452893	Thematic Apperception Test	a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes	22
6550464983	Rorschach inkblot test	the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 pictures which seek to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots	23
6550467871	terror-management theory	a theory of death related anxiety; explored people's emotional behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death	24
6550482298	self-actualization	according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential	25
6550485319	unconditional positive regard	according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person	26
6550491615	self-concept	all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I"	27
6550495698	trait	a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports	28
6550498937	personality inventory	a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors	29
6550506392	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory	the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes	30
6550508396	empirically derived test	a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups	31
6550516671	social-cognitive perspective	behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits(including their thinking) and their social context	32
6550519295	reciprocal determinism	the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment	33
6550916267	personal control	the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless	34
6550924114	external locus of control	the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate	35
6550931087	internal locus of control	the perception that you control your own fate	36
6550938325	positive psychology	the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive	37
6550942988	self	in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions	38
6550946008	spotlight effect	overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)	39
6550952708	self-esteem	one's feelings of high or low self-worth	40
6550953819	self-serving bias	a readiness to perceive oneself favorably	41
6550956797	individualism	giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications	42
6550959335	collectivism	giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly	43