AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

9468648209	neuron	nerve cell that transfers information within the body	0
9468648210	sensory neuron	neuron that transmits information from sensors that detect external stimuli	1
9468648211	interneuron	neuron in the brain that integrates the sensory input	2
9468648212	motor neuron	neuron that transmits signals to muscle cells, causing them to contract	3
9468648213	central nervous system	the system of neurons that carry out integration	4
9468648214	peripheral nervous system	the system of neurons that carry information into and out of the CNS constitute	5
9468648215	cell body	area of the neuron where the nucleus and organelles are located	6
9468648216	dendrite	branched extension that receives signals from other neurons	7
9468648217	axon	an extension that transmits signals to the other neurons	8
9468648218	synapse	the junction between cells where the information is transmitted	9
9468648219	neurotransmitter	chemical messenger tat passes information from the transmitting neuron to the receiving cell	10
9468648222	membrane potential	a voltage across a plasma membrane	11
9468648223	resting potential	the membrane potential of a resting neuron	12
9468648224	hyperpolarization	increase in magnitude of the membrane potential	13
9468648225	depolarization	reduction in magnitude of the membrane potential	14
9468648226	voltage gated ion channel	ion channel that opens or closes in response to a change in membrane potential	15
9468648227	action potential	massive change in membrane voltage triggered by a stimulus	16
9468648228	threshold	the potential that an excitable cell membrane must reach for an action potential to be initiated	17
9468648229	myelin sheath	layer of electrical insulation that surrounds vertebrate axons	18
9468648230	nodes of Ranvier	gaps in the myelin sheath of certain axons where an action potential may be generated	19
9468648231	saltatory conduction	rapid transmission of a nerve impulse along an axon, resulting from the action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to another	20
9468648232	synaptic vesicle	membrane-bound compartments that transfer neurotransmitters	21
9468648238	nerve	a bundle of multiple nerve cells	22
9468648242	motor system	system of neurons that carries signals to skeletal muscles in response to external stimuli	23
9468648243	autonomic nervous system	system of neurons that regulates the internal environment by controlling smooth and cardiac muscles	24
9468648244	sympathetic division	division that corresponds to arousal and energy generation (fight-or-flight response)	25
9468648245	parasympathetic division	division that causes responses that promote calming and a return to self-maintenant functions (rest-and-digest response)	26
9468648254	limbic system	region of the brain responsible for emotion, motivation, olfaction, behavior, and memory	27