AP Human Geography - Religion Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards from chapter 6 on religion

6533780988	Religion	a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. It is a dynamic culture trait.	0
6533780989	Secularism	the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife.	1
6533780990	Secular	About one-sixth of the world's population is indifferent to or rejects religion.	2
6533780991	Monotheistic Religion	belief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe	3
6533780992	Polytheistic Religion	belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe	4
6533780993	Animistic Religion	the belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth	5
6533780994	Universalizing Religion	a belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope. Adherents of universalizing religious systems often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertake in evangelism and missionary work.	6
6533780995	Ethnic Religion	a religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. Do not try to invite new followers.	7
6533780996	Tribal Religion	specific to one particular group of people and is usually practiced in a highly localized region. Often such religions celebrate spirits found in living and none living things, believe in and worship nature, and are very small in scale and isolated. Ex: individual Native American group of people, Australia (aboriginal religions).	8
6533780997	Hinduism	one of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years. It does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins. Does not have a central authority or single book. 70% worship Vishnu (loving God) and 25% worship Shiva (protective and destructive God)	9
6533780998	Caste System	the strict social segregation of people—specifically in India's Hindu society—on the basis of ancestry and occupation	10
6533780999	Buddhism	religion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire. Does not require exclusive adherence.	11
6533781002	Shintoism	- distinctive ethnic religion in Japan -Consider forces of nature to be divine, especially the sun and moon, as well as rivers, trees, rocks, mountains, and animals. - Deceased emperors and other ancestors became more important deities for Shintoists than natural features.	12
6533781003	Taoism	religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature.	13
6533781004	Confucianism	a philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture.	14
6533781005	Judaism	religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credit with uniting his people to worship only one God. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews. Uses the Torah.	15
6533781006	Diaspora	from the Greek "to disperse," a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews. Relocation diffusion.	16
6533781007	Zionism	the movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land	17
6533781010	Christianity	religion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's plan.	18
6533781014	Islam	the youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to the teaching, Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammad spoke the verses of the Qu'ran (Koran), the Islamic holy book. Relocation diffusion. Practice at Mosque.	19
6533781018	Sunnis	- Adherents to the largest branch of Islam (83%)	20
6533781019	Shiites	- adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam (16%) - 40% live in Iran and 15% live in Pakistan - 90% of Iran's population	21
6533781022	Indigenous Religions	belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within a ... tribe or group	22
6533781023	Pilgrimage	voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site	23
6533781024	Sacred Sites	place or space people infuse with religious meaning	24
6533781025	Minarets	tower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier call Muslims to prayer	25
6533781026	Hajj	the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad	26
6533781027	Interfaith Boundaries	boundaries between the world's major faiths	27
6533781028	Intrafaith Boundaries	boundaries within a single major faith	28
6533781029	Ethnic Cleansing	the systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation	29
6533781031	Religious Fundamentalism	religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy	30
6533781032	Religious Extremism	religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence	31
6533781033	Shari'a Laws	The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Unlike most western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Quran.	32
6533781034	Jihad	a doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran	33