AP CSP Unit 4 Flashcards

8753688322	Moore's Law	the observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years.	0
8753688323	Big Data	a broad term for datasets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate.	1
8753688324	One-pager	A business/corporate term for a one-page document that summarizes a large issue, topic or plan. The purpose is to distill and highlight the most important pieces of information in a digestible manner so that the reader can be quickly acquainted with the relevant details of the "big picture."	2
8753688325	Caesar Cipher	a technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some number of characters	3
8753688326	Cipher	the generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that performs encryption	4
8753688327	Cracking Encryption	When you attempt to decode a secret message without knowing all the specifics of the cipher, you are trying to "crack" the encryption.	5
8753688328	Decryption	a process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text	6
8753688329	Encryption	a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.	7
8753688330	Random Substitution Cipher	an encryption technique that maps each letter of the alphabet to a randomly chosen other letters of the alphabet.	8
8753688331	Vigenère Cipher	a method of encrypting text by applying a series of Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword.	9
8753688332	Computationally Hard	a "hard" problem for a computer is one in which it cannot arrive at a solution in a reasonable amount of time.	10
8753688333	Symmetric Encryption	a type of encryption where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message.	11
8753688334	Asymmetric Encryption	used in public key encryption, it is scheme in which the key to encrypt data is different from the key to decrypt.	12
8753688335	Modulo	a mathematical operation that returns the remainder after integer division.	13
8753688336	Private Key	In an asymmetric encryption scheme the decryption key is kept private and never shared, so only the intended recipient has the ability to decrypt a message that has been encrypted with a public key.	14
8753688337	Public Key Encryption	Used prevalently on the web, it allows for secure messages to be sent between parties without having to agree on, or share, a secret key. It uses an asymmetric encryption scheme in which the encryption key is made public, but the decryption key is kept private.	15
8753688338	Phishing Scam	Typically a thief trying to trick you into sending them sensitive information. Typically these include emails about system updates asking you send your username and password, social security number or other things.	16
8753688339	DDoS (Distributed denial of service) Attack	Typically a virus installed on many computers (thousands) activate at the same time and flood a target with traffic to the point the server becomes overwhelmed - doing this can render web services like DNS, or routers, or certain websites useless and unresponsive.	17
8753688340	Virus	a program that runs on a computer to do something the owner of the computer does not intend; can be used as a Bot Net to trigger a DDoS-style attack, or they can spy on your computer activity, such as capturing all the keystrokes you make at the computer, or websites you visit, etc.	18
8753688341	Antivirus software	usually keeps big lists of known viruses and scans your computer looking for the virus programs in order to get rid of them.	19
8753688342	Firewall	software that runs on servers (often routers) that only allows traffic through according to some set of security rules.	20
8753688343	SSL (secure sockets layer) and TLS (transport layer security)	use public key cryptography to establish a secure connection.	21