AP Bio Chapter 8 Flashcards
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| 5561419033 | Metabolism | Sum of all chemical processes | 0 | |
| 5561419034 | Catabolic pathways | Break down molecules into simpler molecules; release energy | 1 | |
| 5561419035 | Anabolic pathways | Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones | 2 | |
| 5561419036 | Thermodynamics | Study of energy transformation | 3 | |
| 5561419037 | Law of Conservation of Energy | States energy can't be created or destroyed | 4 | |
| 5561419038 | Law of Entropy | Every energy transfer tends towards greater entropy | 5 | |
| 5561419039 | Entropy | Amount of disorder, randomness | 6 | |
| 5561419040 | Spontaneous change | Can occur without outside help, can be harnessed to do work, increases stability | 7 | |
| 5561419041 | Potential energy | Stored energy | 8 | |
| 5561419042 | Kinetic energy | Energy of motion | 9 | |
| 5561419043 | Free energy | Portion of a system's energy that can perform work | 10 | |
| 5561419044 | Equation for free energy | dG=dH-TdS (d=delta) |  | 11 |
| 5561419045 | Chemical equillibrium | When the products and reactants in the concentration don't change | 12 | |
| 5561419046 | Endergonic | Absorbs energy, dG is negative, not spontaneous Ex. photosynthesis |  | 13 |
| 5561419047 | Exergonic | Releases energy, dG is positive, spontaneous Ex. cell respiration |  | 14 |
| 5561419048 | Structure of ATP | Made of adenine, ribose, and triphosphate group |  | 15 |
| 5561419049 | Function of ATP | Exergonic reaction is coupled with an endergonic reaction through the use of a phosphorylated intermediate | 16 | |
| 5561419050 | Activation energy | Energy needed to start a chemical reaction (break bonds before new ones can be made) |  | 17 |
| 5561419051 | Enzyme function | Proteins which speed chemical reaction (catalysts), names usually end in -ase, lower activation energy (Ea) | 18 | |
| 5561419052 | Enzyme structure | Can bind or break apart |  | 19 |
| 5561419053 | Competitive inhibitors | Molecules that bind to the active site so the substrate can't |  | 20 |
| 5561419054 | Noncompetitive inhibitors | Molecules that bind to different part of the enzyme, causing the active site to change shape rendering it ineffective |  | 21 |
| 5561419055 | Denaturation | Protein unravels and loses its proper confirmation in the quaternary structure, no longer works. Caused by change in temperature or pH |  | 22 |
| 5561419056 | Allosteric Regulation | Allosteric site: area on an enzyme away from the active site to which an activator or inhibitor may bind; changes shape and activity of the active site | 23 | |
| 5561419057 | Feedback inhibition | Switching off a metabolic pathway by its end product which often acts as an allosteric inhibitor | 24 | |
| 5561419058 | Enzyme cooperativity | Occurs when an enzyme is made of 2 or more polypeptide chains, each with its own active site | 25 | |
| 5561419059 | Cofactor | Nonprotein helpers that some enzymes require, inorganic/organic |  | 26 |
| 5561419060 | Coenzyme | Another name for organic enzymes, usually vitamins | 27 | |
| 5561419061 | Metabolic disequillibrium | Reactions in living systems can't reach equillibrium or dG would be 0 and it would die | 28 |