CH. 5 AP Biology Flashcards

4872944969	polymer	A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.	0
4872944970	monomer	A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer. Each biological macromolecule has characteristic monomers.	1
4872944971	carbohydrate	"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"	2
4872944972	protein	Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body	3
4872944973	lipid	Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)	4
4872944974	nucleic acid	A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.	5
4872944975	amino acid	Building blocks of protein	6
4872944976	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the monomer of a carbohydrate	7
4872944977	nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	8
4872944978	fatty acid	one of the building blocks of lipids; may be saturated or unsaturated	9
4872944979	macromolecule	A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures	10
4872944980	enzyme	A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.	11
4872944981	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	12
4872944982	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules (polymers) by the chemical addition of water. Used in digestion.	13
4872944983	polysaccharide	a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together	14
4872944984	glucose	A monosaccharide that is an important source of energy.	15
4872944986	-ose	What is the common ending of the name of most simple sugars?	16
4872944987	Functional group	the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds	17
4872944988	Hydroxyl	Functional group found in carbohydrates A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH).	18
4872944989	Carboxyl Group	-COOH Organic acids contain this functional group	19
4872944990	Amino group	A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms	20
4872944995	Carbon	non-metal that can from 4 bonds with other elements; found in organic molecules	21
4872944996	Hydrocarbon	an organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen;	22
4872944997	Triglyceride	Circulate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.	23
4872944998	cellulose	polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants	24
4872944999	Glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.	25
4872945001	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds	26
4872945002	macromolecule	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	27
4872945003	organic compound	a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon	28
4872945004	disaccharide	A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.	29
4872945005	polysaccharide	A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis. a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together	30
4872945006	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	31
4872945007	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	32
4872945008	peptide	Bonds that connect amino acids.	33
4872945010	glycogen	animal storage of sugar	34
4872945012	saturated fatty acid	A fatty acid with a carbon chain full of hydrogen atoms, meaning no carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from animal sources and solid at room temperature.	35
4872945013	unsaturated fatty acid	A fatty acid with a carbon chain that includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from plant sources and liquid at room temperature. Monounsaturated fatty acids have one carbon-carbon double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds.	36
4872945017	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	37
4872945023	primary protein structure	amino acid sequence	38
4872945024	secondary protein structure	Areas of folding or coiling within a protein; examples include alpha helices and pleated sheets, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding.	39
4872945025	tertiary protein structure	intricate, 3-D shape (conformation) of a protein that is superimposed on its secondary structure; determines protein specificity	40
4872945026	quaternary protein structure	2+ protein chains forming functional protein	41
4873515012	phospholipid	a type of lipid found in cell membranes; consists of 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol	42
4873517811	chitin	polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons	43
4873522469	steroids	lipid in the shape of 4 fused rings of carbon; ex - cholesterol	44
4873524853	pyrimidine	single ringed nitrogen base	45
4873526678	purine	double ringed nitrogen base	46
4873528132	starch	plant storage of sugar	47
4873529980	ribose	5 carbon sugar found in RNA	48
4873556291	chaperonins	assist in the folding of proteins	49
4873563962	glycosidic linkage	bond between monosaccharides	50
4873565056	phosphodiester bond	bond between nucleotides	51
4873566407	ester linkage	bonds between fatty acids and glycerol	52